Marketing strategies which can help Cadburys in launching there new product

Marketing strategies which can help Cadburys in launching there new product Cadbury Background In 1824, John Cadbury began selling tea, coffee, and drinking chocolate, which he produced himself, at Bull Street in Birmingham, England. John Cadbury later motivated into the production of a variety of Cocoas and Drinking Chocolates being manufactured from a factory in Bridge Street, supplying mainly to the wealthy due to the high cost of manufacture at this time. At this time the company was known as Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. Cadbury is a leading global confectionery company with an outstanding collection of chocolate, gum and candy brands. Cadbury employ around 45,000 people and has direct operation in over 60 countries, selling its products in markets everywhere around the world. Cadbury is nearly 200 years old. In 1969 Cadbury merged with Schweppes to create Cadbury Schweppes. In 2003, Adams Confectionery was acquired including its Trident and Halls brands, now respectively the worlds largest gum and candy brands. On 7 May 2008, Cadbury demerged the Americas Beverages business and created Cadbury plc. In March 2009, they announced a definitive agreement to sell the Australia Beverages business for approximately  £550 million. The following few pages which follow help to show overall how and which types of strategies on various things based on Marketing strategies can help Cadburys in launching there new product. Marketing strategy is a plan of action which is used by many businesses around the world, which helps the business meet its aims and objectives, it can also assist a business when launching a new product as it helps to identify which different strategies would be best to use. Marketing strategies can be split into two main categories which are: Short-Term Long-Term Short-term strategies help a business to focus mainly on the four Ps: Product, price, place and promotion which are vital to all businesses, as these four features are the main things which help a business to achieve objectives if they are used correctly. On the other we have long-term strategies which are used to plan the future actions of a business, this can include producing tables such as a Ansoff matrix which helps a business to decide on many things such as, whether to launch a new product or to improve previous products, overall making the right decisions on which type of strategy to use is vital, especially in the case of Cadburys as it helps to decide how to launch a new cereal bar, to ensure that they reach maximum sales. Throughout the next few pages I will discuss possible short-term and long-term strategies which Cadburys could use, indicating which type of strategy in each case would be the most useful to help them achieve success with there new product. Ansoff Matrix An ansoff matrix can be used to identify and show various types of growth strategies, many firms such as Cadburys could benefit from the use of an ansoff matrix as it helps to focus on the firms present and possible products as well as the markets. The main thing in ansoff matrix helps to identify is possible ways for a business to grow; this can include improving previous products or producing new products. Diversification Market Penetration: This is when a firm tries to achieve growth using existing products in there current market segment, to try and increase its market share. Product Development: This is when a firm targets a new product at there current market segment. Market Development: This is when a firm seeks growth by targeting there existing products at a new market. Diversification: This is when a firm tries to diversify into new businesses by producing new products to aim at a new market. Best marketing strategy for Cadburys: The following list helps to show which marketing strategy from the ansoff matrix would be best for Cadburys to use: If Cadburys was to use market penetration for there product, I feel this would not help at all as the current product they have out in the market which is the Brunchbar, is not doing very well and people would not buy it, so I feel this would be the worst option to choose. If Cadburys was to use product development for there product, I feel this could possibly be successful, although after the failure of there previous product people may not buy there new product. If Cadburys was to use market development, I feel that again there could possibly be a chance of success, as they may have aimed there previous product at the wrong market, although people from the new market may also not be keen to buy there product. It is clear that if Cadburys was to use diversification and aim a new product at a new market, there would be a high chance of success as long as the new product was to meet customer needs, which can be done through extensive market research to help gather an idea of people who would regularly purchase there product. Marketing Objectives Before a business such as Cadburys can decide on which market strategy they will be using, they must take into consideration that correct and precise marketing objectives are set to help the business to become as successful as possible in the future. The best way for a business to ensure that they set realistic and achievable objectives would be by following the acronym of SMART, this helps identify points which need to be checked by a business to make sure high-quality objectives are being set to maintain high sales for the product. The acronym SMART is short for the following which all need to be checked over by businesses when setting its marketing strategy: Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Timed For a business such as Cadburys to be successful within such a competitive market, good quality objectives must be set. The following is a list of objectives Cadburys could set themselves to ensure that they are successful with the launch of there new product: Principles of Marketing There are many different features to be looked at when marketing your product to ensure there are no hiccups when releasing a new product. The following are a list of different things which need to be looked at by businesses such as Cadburys to ensure success for the new product: Understanding customer needs: This can be found through extensive market research to help the business determine the customers outlook on products and also the new tendency within the market. Through my market research which I have conducted, I have now found the correct segment for me to aim my product at helping to almost ensure success with the new product as I have covered the needs of my chosen segment. Understand and keep ahead of competitors: This again can be done through market research to help a business stay above competitors. I have used secondary research here to help me see the biggest rivalries within the market, therefore enabling me to stay above them. Communicate effectively with customers: This can be done through varieties of places; the most affective would be through promotional techniques used by the business. To ensure I have done this, I listed the possible promotion techniques and chose the ones which I felt would be best to use. Organize functions to achieve objectives: To ensure correct objective have been set, a business must look at the four Ps around the product to make certain that the correct marketing objectives have been set. To help me do this I ran through the four Ps of my product, and then checked to see that I had stated most of the possible strategies for the product. Aware of constraints: All businesses must be aware of the constraints they face on there marketing activities, to ensure that they are then able to work there way around it. To ensure I was aware of the possible constraints from many different factors, I produced both a SWOT and PEST analysis to help me identify these. The above principles of marketing must all be looked and analyzed by businesses, to ensure that the launch of the new product runs as smooth as possible. Cadbury plan their production process by using a time series method as this helps Cadbury to accurately produce the needed amount of chocolate at the correct period of time. A time series shows historical data that can be used and analyzed to predict future trends. Christmas and Easter are peak selling times for all chocolate manufactures including Cadbury; this is obviously because chocolate products make good gifts for these occasions. The disadvantages of this type of forecast are: Cadbury needs to have a lot of past data in order for the time series method to be used accurately to predict sales figures. If the external environment doesnt stay stable then there will be problems with the forecast for example if the prices of the raw materials used to produce Cadbury products increases then the price of the product has to increase in order for Cadbury to make a profit from the product produced. This may affect the customers purchasing trends. The data may be biased or representative. The advantages of this type of forecast are: The data helps Cadbury to reduce wastage and produce the amount of products that customers would purchase. The data is reliable if collected properly/accurately. The forecast helps Cadbury to make products efficiently as it helps Cadbury to set a target of the amount of products needed; there are always enough products to supply to customers. However precise information about this is not available to the public. Therefore I am going to use the information that I have produced about an imaginary firm I have used in E4 of my assignment. The most profitable product that the imaginary firm produces is the mugs, making a profit of  £10,500 for the first quarter of the year. I think that this is excellent as this firm is selling the mugs well and making a reasonable amount of profits from them; the mugs are batch produced and are everyday household objects. The firm does some research and find out what types of designs the customers are interested in purchasing. This would help to increase the sales, as customers like to have mugs with designs that they like and match with the rest of their kitchen accessories/items. If the firm shows that they are interested in giving the customers what they want then customers are very likely to purchase mugs from the firm. But a problem that would arise is that customers dont need too much mugs as they can be reused again and again so at some point the firm will need to stop producing mugs and withdraw it from the market as the demand will decrease. The firm could sell the mugs in multi packs as a set as well as individually and this will help to increase the sales of the mugs as most customers prefer to have a set of mugs the same design. From the figures of wastage and production I suggested that the saucer department of this firm should be closed down as it was costing the firm too much to continue to produce saucers to sell to the customers as it was not making its potential profit. The department that I suggested should have an increase in production was the teapot department this was due to the fact that it was the second most profitable product that this firm produced (along with the saucers but I have explained why it wasnt possible for the firm to continue to produce them). I think that if the firm improved the strength of the teapots then they would be more successful in the market as customers would realize this and want a teapot that is strong so it lasts longer. How the production process is monitored The quality assurance system that Cadbury use is total quality management (TQM). For Cadburys TQM is a method of ensuring that their products are of a high standard of quality and a method to monitor the production of products. To monitor the production process Cadbury employs supervisors to inspect the product at each stage of production. Marketing strategy In order to increase sales Cadburys needs to undertake a range of marketing activities before deciding upon the best way to encourage the purchase of its product. When identifying the basic principals which Cadburys must apply to its marketing will be its basic objectives because all business must have objectives it allows them to increase sales and make profit. Corporate aims are the long term intentions of a business, whereas corporate objectives are the specific targets required to achieve the aims. The common aim and objectives of the corporation such as Cadbury includes the following: Survival Profit maximization- which is often taken to be the reason why firms exists and to be the primary objectives in practices most firms have a hierarchy of objectives when a firms survival is threaten it may profit maximize in order to restore its financial health. Growth- which includes Cadbury selling new products or expanding overseas. Diversification- which is the spreading of business risks by reducing dependence on one product. Sales maximization- which is the increasing of sales Improving the product image-which includes creating a new logo or launching a new brand of product and creating more attractive packaging. For example, Cadbury set out two objectives for the development of their chocolate, Fuse. These were: To grow the market for chocolate confectionery To increase Cadburys share of the snacking sector when launching a product the company Cadburys had to make sure that any new product in the snaking sector must establish points of difference, creating a unique selling proposition (USP) i.e. a product with unique appeal which is not shared by any of its competitors. Referring back to the example of Fuse, Cadbury lost a lot of money testing out the combination of various ingredients and more than 250 were combined before the recipe of the chocolate was finalized. As the products are developed, Cadbury tests them to ensure that consumers are willing to buy them. Cadbury then promotes its products in various ways such as the use of above the line promotion, which is where a product is advertised through consumer media such as television, magazines, newspapers and radio. 4ps Product My product is a re-launch of Cadbury dairy milk. Cadbury dairy milk is made from real chocolate. Its ingredients include cocoa butter and there is a glass and half full cream dairy milk in every 200 grams of Cadbury dairy milk chocolate, Cadbury buys 65 million litres of fresh milk each year to make Cadbury dairy milk chocolate. Price Price is an important element of the marketing mix. The price charged for a chocolate bar can determine whether a consumer will buy it and the level of sales achieved can determine whether or not Cadbury Schweppes will make a profit. Price is also affected by factors such as the state of the economy, what competitors are charging, the stage reached in the products life cycle and above all what price the market will bear. From the marketing point of view this is what matters. Place Cadbury dairy milk is produced at the chocolate factory in Bourneville in Birmingham. After the chocolate is produced and has undergone all the quality checks it is transported to the stockrooms. After this Cadbury sells it products to shops that deal with beverages and confectionery e.g. corner shops, super stores such as Iceland, Sainsbury, Kwik save, Tesco, Asda, Safeway and petrol station. These businesses are usually visited by customers on a daily basis. They then sell it to the general public. Cadbury produces chocolate for more than 200 countries so that they have a chance to enjoy it as well and make profit. This gives them a wide range of consumers around the world. Cadbury Schweppes therefore makes sure that the cultures of these different people are kept. They can do this by producing products, which are eaten in that particular country without upsetting religious or cultural practices. Promotion The purpose of promotion is to communicate directly with potential or existing customers, in order to encourage them to purchase dairy milk and recommend it to others. The main promotional tools are sales promotions, public relations and advertising. Production representation Cadbury monitor the production process by using total quality management to ensure that the chocolate/products that are produced are of a high quality and meet the needs of the customers, this is vital for Cadbury because they produce chocolate products mainly which has a lot of substitutes, this means that customers could loose interest in Cadbury products if their demands are not met or thought about. To enforce total quality management Cadburys have supervisors that monitor the machines, the other workers and the products that are made. Cadbury also monitor the quality of their products by using a quality assurance system, (mentioned above) total quality management TQM. TQM ensures that the products that Cadbury produces tastes good to the customers, is appealing to the customers, customer complaints are solved, listening to customers and Cadbury make continuous improvements to their products. Those are all the benefits for Cadbury monitoring the quality of their products and usin g a quality assurance method. At the moment Cadburys use TQM to monitor the quality of their products and as a quality assurance method. I think that this could be improved if other methods of quality assurance and monitoring production were used; I think that this would help to improve them. An alternative quality assurance method that Cadbury could use is benchmarking. Benchmarking is a method for comparing the performance of one business against another, this would of an advantage to Cadbury because they could compare their sales figures, production figures etc against a major competitor (Nestle for example), the comparisons would help Cadbury to set aims and goals for the business itself and once the aims have been met it may almost be certain that Cadbury is outperforming its competitor. However the competitor that Cadbury choose has to be near enough the same size business as Cadbury, this is to make the benchmarking fair. As well as the above benchmarking will help Cadbury to do better than their competitor(s). To improve the monitoring method that Cadbury could use to monitor their products, Cadburys could continue to use total quality management ? TQM and also give all the other workers more responsibilities by enforcing self-checking and inspection on the products produced at Cadbury. Self- checking is traditionally the main method of a business to achieve quality control, to ensure that the workers inspect the products professionally, correctly and properly Cadbury should make a list of things that the workers should check. In 1895, an innovation in the provision of model housing by manufacturers occurred with the development by George Cadbury of Bournville Model Village. This was the first model settlement to provide low-density housing not restricted to factory employees. This paper uses the Bournville archives to explore the accepted history of this settlement. It is argued that the accepted history is a particular reading of this planning experiment. The paper explores the construction of the ‘accepted history, identifies some of the authors behind the history and uses the minute books and secretary reports of Bournville Village Trust to construct an alternative historical narrative. The alternative history is one in which Bournville begins as a building estate rather than as a model village. The building estate was provided with no community facilities, and the houses were targeted at the lower- and upper- middle classes. Cadbury repackaged the building estate by appropriating the garden city movement; in return the garden city movement also appropriated Bournville by using it as a working example of a model garden village. The paper makes a contribution to theoretical debate by linking a literature from organizational studies concerned with story-telling and construction to historical geography.

Psychedelic Rock And The Doors

Psychedelic Rock And The Doors Biography: Psychedelic rock is a very famous class of rock music which is influenced or inspired by psychedelic culture. To really understand this genre of music it is important to state exactly what was psychedelic rock. Why it becomes important to see where this form of music originated since the roots of the movement is what inspired the artists of this time period and is also the reason for its evolution. During the era of the flower-child, there was restlessness and strong undercurrents among the youth across North America and Europe, which was looking for freedom from existing societal expectations and norms of that time. This was to become the hippie culture that took the world by storm in the late 1950s and 60s. Among the many ways in which hippies were to make history, along with their commune living and fascination for eastern mysticism, religion and sexual liberation, was the music that characterized the decades of the flower child. (Chatterjee; Buzzle.com, 2010) During this time hallucinogenic drugs were just entering public consciousness, and LSD, mescaline and magic mushrooms, were commonly used and their effects compounded with the combination of alcohol and marijuana lead artists and musicians using these psychedelic drug cocktails to have out-of-body experiences, mind-altering state of awareness and a disconnect from reality, the music that they composed in the shadowy world of hallucinogenic drugs, came to be known as psychedelic music, or psychedelic rock, in homage to the psychedelic drugs that gave rise to the compositions. In the midst of such widespread domination, it was hardly likely that the arts were to be left behind, posters and album covers were just a few of the expressions of 1960s psychedelic art, characterized by their kaleidoscopic colors, diffraction patterns and entropic motifs (Chatterjee; Buzzle.com, 2010). Many rock and folk musicians began to include drug lyrics in their songs as they were using drugs. The Holy Modal Rounders was an American folk music duo from the Lower East Side of New York City which started in the early 1960s, consisting of Peter Stampfel and Steve Weber. Their unique blend of folk music revival and psychedelic rock gave them a cult-like following from the late 1960s into the 1970s. For a time, the band also featured prolific and famous playwright and actor, Sam Shepard. (Wikipedia.com, 2010) The group The 13th Floor Elevators was an American rock band from Austin, Texas in 1965 was the first group to declare themselves as a psychedelic rock band. The band included guitarist and vocalist Roky Erickson, electric jug player Tommy Hall, and guitarist Stacy Sutherland, which existed from 1965 to 1969. During their career, the band released four LPs and seven 45s for the International Artists record label. Subsequent to the group 13th Floor Elevators, The Beatles began experimenting with the LSD in 1965 and they introduced most of the major elements of psychedelic s ounds. They began to include drug references in their songs in 1965 and more explicitly in 1966 (Wikipedia.com, 2010). The band, The Byrds moved from pure folk rock to psychedelic rock. They made use of Indian ragas and free jazz and the lyrics that referred to drug use. In one of Britains bands, The Yard Birds moved to the psychedelic usage, adding influences to songs. In the United States, the music scene continued to develop and psychedelic rock began to impact on pop music. The Beach Boys had been experimenting with LSD from 1965 and psychedelic was a major part of the songs. The Haight District-Ashbury District in San Francisco was the center for psychedelic music because of the prominent use of LSD, but there were other cities in America contributed to the new genre but not as centered as Haight-Ashbury. Style Characteristics: Psychedelic rock music had its characteristics. The main elements include electric guitars and heavy drums. However, The Beatles put some Indian Raag in the music. The fusion done by The Beatles was further continued by Jim Morrison is some tracks. However, in general the instrumentals are lead base electric guitars and drums with occasional piano and sometimes sitar. The selection of the instruments was based on the levels and grades of performances. Sometimes leads with drums worked and at places we observe whole orchestras followed by leads, base guitars and pianos. It is right to say that heavy metal; Psychedelic rock has no particular domain of instruments. So like music in this time used different instruments and was not restricted to one particular one. My Own Personal Comments: The Doors were an American rock band that was started in 1965. This band produced a string of hits in the late 1960s and early 1970s (Britannica.com, 2010). This band was founded by singer and poet, Jim Morrison, who became one of rock musics greatest figures. The Doors original members included: Jim Morrison, vocals; Ray Manzarek, who played the keyboards, Robbie Krieger, who played on the lead guitar, and John Densmore, who played the drums. This band included a combination of backgrounds in blues and classical music with the improvisational daring of a rock band (Britannica.com, 2010). With Jim Morrison writing poetry which was called Beat poetry, Robbie Kreiger set these lyrics to music. Kreiger and Dunsmore both belonged to the Psychelic Rangers. (Charlton, p.152). Manzarek and Morrison were friends from the film school in the University of California at Los Angeles. They conceived the idea of forming the group after the singer recited a poem to the keyboardist. This was on a southern beach of California,. Morrison derived the bands name from Aldous Huxleys book titled The Doors of Perception, which also referred to a line in a poem. (Charlton, p.152) The Doors got a reputation for pushing the boundaries of rock composition, both lyrically and musically, in performances at Los Angeles Sunset Strip. (Britannica.com, 2010) The doors breakthrough hit, Light My Fire, became an anthem in 1967. It was songs such as The End, an eleven minute drama which had sexually explicit lyrics and a swirling, oscillation arrangement that gave the band reputation as one of rocks most controversial, potent, and theatrical acts. The group was indeed banned from the Whisky-A-Go-Go event in Los Angeles after an earlier performance of the song. (Britannica.com, 2010) Though the bands ambitious music involved everything from German cabaret to Chicago blues, their string of pop hits made them to be criticized by some people as a teenybopper act. (Britannica.com, 2010) This troubled Morrison deeply as he really wanted acceptance as a serious artist. By the time of the release of the bands third album in 1968, Morrison had created an ego for himself, the Lizard King. Morrisons poem The Celebration of the Lizard King was printed in the record jacket. (Chatterjee; Buzzle.com, 2010) Morrisons concert performances were marred by outrageous stunts, and in 1969 he was arrested for exposing himself on stage, in Miami. The charges were later dropped, but the incident served notice of Morrisons physical decline, in part because of his addiction to alcohol. Morrison took increasing concentrated in his poetry, some of which were published. The groups tours became less frequent. The band reestablished their artistic integrity with the blues steeped Morrison Hotel in 1970. After the groups sixth album, L.A. Woman in 1971 Morrison went to Paris, where he wanted to pursue a literary career. He died there of heart failure at the age of 27 in the year of 1971. (Britannica.com, 2010) The early death of Morrison only enhanced his status as the exemplary rock showman and troubled artist for successive generations. In absence of Morrison, the group produced two albums before breaking up but were reduced to just an instrumental trio.( Charlton, p.153) The remaining band members briefly reunited in 1978 to record An American Prayer, providing backing music for poetry that Jim Morrison had wrote and decided to record it after his death. Manzarek produced albums for the punk band X. In death, Morrison was lionized by fans for generations, both as an icon for youth and as an influence on singers such as, Echo and Iggy Pop Pearl Jams, Eddie Vedder and Bunnymens, Ian McCulloch. The bands releases have continued to sell in the millions, and The Doors, a 1991 movie, was a critical and popular success. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993. Jim Morrison was born in December 8 1963 and died on July 3, 1971. Ray Manzarek was born on February 12, 1935 in Chicago. Robby Krieger was born on Jan 8, 1946 in Los Angeles. John Densmore was born on December 1, 1945 in Los Angeles. They produced the following albums: The Doors in 1967, Strange Days in1967, Light My Fire in 1967, The Unknown Soldier in 1968, Hello, I Love You 1968, Riders On The Storm 1971 and LA Woman in 1971. To me, if you listen to The Doors album titled Waiting For The sun, you will come to love it. It is one album that you will recommend to your friends. One song that touched me most is Hello, I love you. It is a song that basically talks about love. The last verse was written by Jim Morrison three years prior to the album recordings, while he was observing an attractive African American girl at Venice Beach. The verse states: Sidewalk crouches at her feet; Like a dog that begs for something sweet; Do you hope to make her see you, fool; Do you hope to pluck this dusky jewel? (Wikipedia.com, 2010) The band continued to perform, with little success, and finally broke up in 1972. In 2002, Kreiger and Manzarek reunited to form The Doors of the 21st Century. Densmore, who says he wasnt invited to join the new group, went to court and eventually got a ruling preventing the group from using The Doors in its name. The group now performs as Riders On The Storm (White, 2010). In conclusion, Psychedelic Rock during its time revolutionized the whole culture. Not only in America or England, it influenced music from all over the world. It was the first time when the concept of Asian and Western music emerged and Sir John Lennon blended both music forms. Jim Morrison was no doubt the pioneer and is still worshiped by the admirers. The Doors worked as a role model for many new and up and coming bands and his music is present even in bands music and lyrics today. To me, it is so sad to lose brilliant artists, Jim Morrison, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Bon Scott and the list could go on and on and could state how each one of these young artists effected their time that they lived and how they affect the music now. We must all remember those who shaped music from its earliest beginnings. Work Cited Britannica.com (2010) Kot, Greg. The Doors. Retrieved on 27 Nov 2010 from http://www.britannica.com/psychedelic/bands/doors.html Charlton, K. Rock Music Styles A History 6th Edition, Pages 152-153, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 1998. Chatterjee, Tilottama . Psychedelic Rock. Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. (2010) Buzzle.com, Web. 27 Nov 2010. Retrieved on 27 Nov 2010 from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/psychedelic-rock.html White, Dave. The Doors Biography Profile of The Doors. Classic Rock Bands Songs Artists CDs DVDs MP3s Lyrics and History of Classic Rock. About.com, a part of The New York Times Company., Web. 27 Nov 2010. http://classicrock.about.com/od/a1/ig/The-Doors/11-09_cl.htm Wikipedia.com (2010) The Doors Hello, I love you. Retrieved on 27 Nov 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello,_I_Love_You Wikipedia.com (2010) Holy Modal Rounders. Retrieved on 27 Nov 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Modal_Rounders Wikipedia.com (2010) The 13th Floor Elevators. Retrieved on 27 Nov 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_13th_Floor_Elevators

Recess Games Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive papers

Recess Games Better safe than sorry. An expression Americans are exposed to and familiar with, especially parental figures. Adults who are new to the parenting game live by this guideline. A parent or guardian’s sole concern is the safety of their children. Their actions will probably be based on texts read or on first-hand experience, but instinctually, parents will play the safety game. It is this instinct and concern for young students’ safety that is causing school districts across the nation to review what recess-like games are appropriate in the elementary school setting. Games such as tag, dodge-ball, and football are a risk to student safety and should be removed from the public school system despite the developmental strengths the games possess. School systems across the country (including those in New York, Virginia, Maryland, Maine, Ohio, Texas, and California) are reviewing the dangers of schoolyard play. Simply, the student-teacher ratio is far too great to effectively maintain a safe atmosphere for children to play in. 70% of accidents and injuries come from falling off equipment, which still leaves three in ten incidents relating to kids playing rough. Many school districts have already banned games on the playground that violate a â€Å"no-touch† policy. These games, however, are still allowed in the physical education aspect of the day, under close adult supervision. For the most part, each school is in charge of its own restrictions that will be enforced. The â€Å"no-touch† policy is a popular choice. The degree of restriction varies, but the general trend protecting safety is to allow no contact games; no pushing or grabbing; in football, no tackling or blocking; and, no games that can result in shou ting and hurt... ...es and activities, taking the same exams and doing the same homework for years. They will fight for each other’s approval and respect. All these things that can be accomplished outdoors have just safely been moved to a desk in a closely supervised room. At recess, children learn to interact with one another, to govern themselves and have a good time all at once. Not to mention the motor skills gained. But the price of all this is too high. In the event a child is hurt due to horseplay, and the school or teacher is held responsible, there is no money available for that scenario. The school district cannot afford an accident. Plus, a teacher’s reputation is on the line after a lawsuit. â€Å"Better safe than sorry† is the most efficient and fail-safe plan of action to guarantee the safety of our children. The restrictions save time, money, and stress of all involved.

Influential Composers Of Early 20th Century :: Music Musical History Essays

Influential Composers Of Early 20th Century missing works cited Zoltan Kodaly, Edgar Varese, Igor Stravinsky.Three foreign-born composers whose output ranges from unobtrusively important to riot inducing works.They encompass music’s three principles: education, exploration, experimentation. Deemed â€Å"Hungary’s greatest composer and music pedagogue† (Jeter) Zoltan Kodaly, was born December 16, 1882.As a child, Kodaly taught himself piano, violin, cello, and voice.Later, he pursued Composition/Education degrees at Budapest’s Academy of Music and, in 1905, collaborated with friend, Bela Bartok, to preserve folk songs, collecting roughly 100,000 in his lifetime. Kodaly’s compositional reputation is one of moderation and consistency.His works are harmonically smooth, minimally contrapuntal, and, as Bartok described, â€Å"†¦the perfect embodiment of†¦Hungarian spirit† (www.bbc.co.uk)The orchestral suite from opera Hary Janos (the story of an imaginative soldier with no regard for reality) remains Kodaly’s most popular work.His Sonata for solo Cello is similarly regarded as â€Å"one of the great virtuoso instrumental pieces of the 20th century† Kodaly primarily influenced education. Returning to Budapest’s Academy of Music as a professor, he committed himself to creating a musically literate society.He implemented daily music classes at primary school level, and composed choral exercises for children.Kodaly’s three-pronged approach—1) aural, 2) written, 3) read—taught children to sing in tune, improvise, and sight-sing impeccably.The method combined rhythm symbols, syllables, and hand signals.These hand positions provided singers with visual cues of pitches and tonal relationships.Kodaly also devised â€Å"solfege†Ã¢â‚¬â€a way of simplifying music for beginners.Kodaly’s innovative methods became Hungary’s state policy after World War 2, eventually spreading worldwide.Today, Hungary’s Zoltan Kodaly Grammar School still pursues music literacy by providing children an outlet for intensive study (Jeter). On December 22, 1883—several hundred miles from Hungary—French-born, Edgar Varese, welcomed life and a lifelong love affair with music.Percussion and woodwinds fascinated him, even during childhood.By age 11, he had composed an opera and imagined, one day, of transmuting the Zambesi River’s â€Å"turbulent movement into sound.† (www.bbc.co.uk)Varese’s father harbored hopes for his son to become an engineer, hopes which bred a violent father-son relationship.After a final fall-out with his father, Varese relocated to Paris to study with Charles Wilder.His most fruitful years of composition would occur in New York City, between 1920-1934. Exploration was vital to Varese’s legacy. While traces of Stravinksy and Debussy are audible in Ameriques (his American debut composition for large orchestra), Varese attempted to go even farther afield.His music introduced â€Å"new fashions of attack†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ministere des Affaires) along with â€Å"slabs of monumental sound†¦juxtaposed [with] scraps of melody† (www.

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

Pg. 2 â€Å"After supper she got out her book and learned me about Moses and the Bulrushers, and I was in a sweat to find out all abut him; but by and by she let it out that Moses had been dead a considerable long time; so then I didn’t care no more abut him, because I don’t take no stock in dead people.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the book, when Huck is first taken into Widow Douglas’ house, she tries to get him to be more civilized. She reads to him from the Bible, teaches him how to read and behave, and even forces him to wear shoes. This quote was [I’m guessing] Huck’s first encounter with religion, because obviously his father wouldn’t have taken him to church. Huck is first intrigued by the adventures people experienced, but is quickly bored when he finds out that they all died a while ago.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this passage, Mark Twain uses Huck to show his objection to the blind faith that civilized society places towards religion. I’m guessing Mark Twain wasn’t a very religious man. This whole book is on the different downfalls of society, and I guess Mark Twain considers religion to be one of those. I do agree with him on this count. Although I’m Christian, I do agree with the various slight comments he makes throughout the book to show how people fell it’s ok to do whatever as long as they can justify it by the bible or something. Pg. 12 â€Å"per'aps if we keep them till they're ransomed, it means that we keep them till they're dead.† When Huck Finn sneaks out to go play with Tom Sawyer and all their other friends, they decide to form a gang of robbers. They decide to hold people ransom, except they don’t really know what ransom is, so Tom just comes up with a meaning to the word that he thinks sounds about right. All of the boys in the gang agree. I think this quote fits in with the theme of the book â€Å"satire of society.† While the meaning of the word ransom may not be a crucial topic, the concept that I think Mark Twain is trying to illustrate is that if one person says something everyone will follow. The boys have no way of knowing what the real meaning of ransom is, so they just blindly go along with whatever Tom suggests, and that is one of the biggest downfalls of society, even today.

Transition Period in Commonwealth

Republic of the Philippines Polytechnic University of the PhilippinesQuezon City Campus Philippine HistoryChapter 8 (Commonwealth Period) Transition Joan Daang BBTE 3-1 The Philippine Commonwealth Era | 1935–1946| >| | | Flag| Coat of arms| The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the historic predecessor to the present-day Republic of the Philippines. From 1935 to 1946 the Philippines existed as a commonwealth of the United States. That Commonwealth was created by the Tydings-McDuffie Act, which was passed by the United States Congress in 1934. When Manuel L. Quezon was inaugurated president in 1935, he became the first Filipino to head a government of the Philippines. During it’s slightly more than a decade of existence; the Commonwealth had a strong executive and a Supreme Court. Its legislature, dominated by the Nacionalista Party, was at first unicameral, but later bicameral. In 1937, the government selected Tagalog, the dialect of Manila, as the official language, although it would be many years before its usage became general. Women's suffrage was adopted and the economy recovered to its pre-depression level before the Japanese occupation. The Commonwealth government was in exile from 1942 to 1945, when the Philippines was under Japanese occupation. In 1946, the Commonwealth ended and the Philippines became an independent Republic as provided for in Article XVIII of the 1935 Philippine Constitution. The Commonwealth era is the 10 year transitional period in Philippine history from 1935 to 1945 in preparation for independence from the United States as provided for under the Philippine Independence Act or more popularly known as the Tydings-McDuffie Law. The Commonwealth era was interrupted when the Japanese occupied the Philippines in January 2, 1942. The Commonwealth government, lead by Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio S. Osmena went into exile in the U. S. , Quezon died of tuberculosis while in exile and Osmena took over as president. At the same time, the Japanese forces installed a puppet government in Manila headed by Jose P. Laurel as president. This government is known as the Second Philippine Republic. On October 20, 1944, the Allied forces led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur landed on the island of Leyte to liberate the Philippines from the Japanese. Japan formally surrendered in September 2, 1945. After liberation, the Commonwealth government was restored. Congress convened in its first regular session on July 9, 1945. It was the first time the people’s representatives have assembled since their election on November 11, 1941. Manuel Roxas was elected Senate President, and Elpidio Quirino was chosen President Pro Tempore. Jose Zulueta was speaker of the house, while Prospero Sanidad became speaker pro Tempore. The first law of this congress, enacted as commonwealth act 672, organized the central bank of the Philippines. The commonwealth deal also tackled the issue of collaboration. In September 1945 the counter intelligence corps presented the people who were accused of having collaborated with, or given aid to, the Japanese. Included were prominent Filipinos who had been active in the puppet government that the Japanese had been established. A People’s Court† was created to investigate and decide on the issue. Amidst this sad state of affairs, the third commonwealth elections were held on April 23, 1946. Sergio Osmena and Manuel Roxas vied for the Presidency. Roxas won thus becoming the last president of the Philippine Commonwealth. The Commonwealth era formally ended when the United States granted independence to the Philippines, as scheduled on July 4, 1946.

Memory Cost Essay

Over the past 30 years the cost of Electronics has steadily decreased. The cost of electronic storage has decreased greatly over the past 30 years as well. In this paper I will be talking about the decrease in the cost of RAM and Hard Drive Storage, how much will a 100TB HDD will cost when it becomes widely available in the future, and how much memory I will be able to buy with $100 in 10 years. In 1956, IBM created the first commercial Hard Drive called the IBM 305 RAMAC which held 5MB and cost a whopping 50 thousand dollars! Electronic storage started being more widespread during the early 1980’s, but it wasn’t until the 1990s that RAM and Hard Drive Storage begin to be cheap enough for the average person. Back in 1981 the price for one MB of Hard Drive storage space was $340! Most people couldn’t afford a computer back in the 1980’s because of the huge cost. Through the 1980’s the cost per MB fell from around $340 during 1981 then to $40 per MB i n 1988, and finally to $9 per MB in 1990. The cost of one Bit of ram in 1981 was 0.000425 cents, in 1988 it was 0.000005 cents, in 1995 it was 0.000000158 cents, in 2000 the cost per Bit was 0.000000063, and in 2013 the cost per Bit was 7.9Ãâ€"10^-10 cents. To get an understanding of how much memory will cost in the future and when 100TB hard drives will become commercially available, we have to take a look at how the price for memory has gotten cheaper over the past 10-30 years, the ever increasing amount of storage space that can be squeezed onto a hard drive platter, and take in to account the rapid growth in the technology field. According to Chris Mellor in his article (http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/01/hp_memristor_2018/) technology giant HP announced that 100TB hard drives could be available as early as 2018. I firmly believe that in 4 years by 2018 there will be 100TB drives for sale to the public but they will probably be very expensive till they go into mass production. In 10 years, we will be able to buy a hard drive with a phenomenal amount of storage space. From 1990 to  2014 the price has gone down exponentially from $9 per MB to under 150 MB per Cent! If we follow that exponential trend we are looking at hard drives that can hold over 100TB that cost fewer than 100 dollars, while the RAM will decrease in price slower. In conclusion, the cost of Storage such as RAM and Hard Drives has gotten very cheap, from over $500 per MB to 5 cents per GB! We will see a continual decrease in the cost of electronic storage and an increase in the amount of storage in smaller packages. Picture Citation: http://www.aei.org/publication/chart-of-the-day-the-falling-price-of-memory/ Citations http://ns1758.ca/winch/winchest.html http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/01/hp_memristor_2018/ http://www.jcmit.com/memoryprice.htm