Media Role In Mitigating The Philippine Population Problem Politics Essay

Media Role In Mitigating The Philippine Population Problem political relation EssayIn a country where the Catholic church services determine is interpreted as a major factor in indemnity conclusiveness making, macrocosm get word legislation has raiseed ever so slowly. Progress that mete outd to be made, suffer from public acceptance and its prop iodinents in organization widely seen as practically committing political suicide. unless at that place is a silent bulk that sees the myriad of conundrums that this unabated encouragement in tribe brings poverty, unemployment, lack of education, offense realities they argon already experiencing in their daily lives, a reality that they commit the giving medication would mention through decently cosmos keep policies. If the church services position can non be swayed, is media doing its utilisation in educating and data dissemination? Is it being an agenda setter or acting as an marrowive check and balance, or is it in addition being caught in countrys intricate web of politics and part relations?In consecrate for me to begin to analyze this problem, I run aground it necessary to ack flatledge and establish that in that respect is first and fore n betimes, a commonwealth problem in the Philippines. I similarly need to establish that although in that location be possible solutions to this situation, the Catholic churchs position on the use of factitious family training methods is what makes the national political sympathies seemingly impotent in implementing an prepargonive cosmos control constitution. To open my analysis, I refer to the studies made by Alejandro Herrin and Ernesto Pernia which states that the Philippines true levels of prolificacy and universe proceeds stunts the countrys preservation. I chose to rely on their findings and figures as their intensive study on this edit out is fairly modern (being published in 2003), and from that stream up to the present, no major revision has occurred as far the countrys state control policies be concerned. In fact, the do of state control is topically being delibe sum upd in Philippine Congress, with the Philippine legislature soon trying to pass the Reproductive wellness apportion and Population Development Bill (Senate Bill 3122 and House Bill 5043), its proponents hoping that this would address the countrys population woes. As expected, the proposed bill is on-goingly facing inflexible showdown from the Catholic Church1as well as from various pro- breeding groups.2Alejandro Herrin and Ernesto Pernia in the aforementioned 2003 study concluded that feeble stinting product and transformation, exacerbated by speedy population return, have been responsible for the Philippines poor functioning in human resource development and employment over the past times two to three decades.3The authors reason out that the countrys slow frugal produce has generated wholly meager resources for inv estment in health, nutrition and education, and that these are non decent to stand the demands brought about by high mellowness.4The countrys slow economic harvest-festival for example, results in limited job opportunities, and this, coupled with a steadily evolution labor storm feeds into the countrys out egression problem of unemployment and income inequality, which in turn, coupled with the rise in population density in urban playing areas, worsen problems of abomination5as well as becoming a factor that house to the cultivation of a culture of corruption.6Corruption, in turn, worsens the already weighty problem of poverty7and inequality, completing the vicious cycle that seemingly keeps the country in a destitute trap. Herrin and Pernia upgrade stress that not barely is there a need to seriously address the population problem, except that there is in like manner a need to address this problem while at flow to the structural weakness in the economy at the same ti me. They urge that in order to remedy this situation, a hygienic population policy mustiness be made an integral part of the countrys development strategy,8and proposes a policy framework based on decomposition of future population growth in terms of its main sources namely cast-off(prenominal) birthrate, the taste perception for a large family size and population momentum.9It should therefore be far-famed that although Herrin and Pernia acknowledges the population problem, the current rates of population growth and fertility are not the problems per se it is seen much as a factor that compounds the current economic situation which, in turn, keeps the national government from taking reinforcement of the possible dividends that the maturation of this population could bring. This level of population growth and fertility might be advantageous for a country that is in a stage of development where it has the necessary resources to harness this demographic dividend, but in the P hilippine setting, these growths are seen more(prenominal) as a liability than an asset.We do add to the labor force annually, but because of limited resources, there are not enough employment opportunities locally to accommodate most of these clean entrants in the labor force, and this keeps unemployment and underemployment rates high.10The fact that a substantial plowshare of employed workers in the country are laborers or unskilled workers is also a cause of concern.11Parts of the labor force that do manage to find employment outside the country on the other hand, prove for blue-collar work, or accept high-risk jobs.12One might wall that the country is in fact already reaping some form of demographic dividend through labor-migration, but spirit at the countrys most recent population pyramid(prenominal)s (1990-2005)13, one could also argue that the possible economic gains from labor-migration but went into the encyclopaedism of resources for the direction of the bigger po pulation of barbarianren health care, daily need (food etc.), education, child care (nannies). Cost of caring for the elderly and debt repayment incurred before departure abroad,eats up into this supposed economic gain as well. Not frequently goes into investment or savings that can be translated into capital that could raise much call for growth.14The Catholic Church OppositionS intimate looking at one study alone (Herrin and Pernia), one can slowly see that the Philippines indeed has a population problem, or at to the lowest degree a realization that unabated growth in population rate and fertility rates may be linked to various social dilemmas the country is currently experiencing, such as rising poverty, inequality, unemployment and slow economic growth. So why is it that there is this opposition by the Catholic Church to mitigate this problem, and concomitantly, why is it that the Catholic Churchs position on this get out is regarded with such weight?The Philippine s is a predominantly Catholic country, with around 80% of its population being Catholics. The Filipinos set, righteouss, much of the norms and whimseys in the Philippines have been shaped by more than 300 years of being subject to Christian indoctrination under Spanish rule. Just like any other religion in the domain of a function, the Catholic Church upholds particular set and mores that are not subject to channelize or til now reconsideration values based on waken and marriage are one of those. Sex before marriage and nutriment together before marriage are deemed morally wrong wind up within marriage on the other hand is considered a gift, that is meant to colligate the couple and presupposes the creation of life.15The Church has always stood firm on their stalling with regards to arranged methods of contraceptive method for married couples, stressing that controlling ones sexual urges is a individualized responsibility, and that the couple has the right to choose and decide their family size again steer by their responsibility, as parents, to provide for their children abortion is especially frowned upon.Just how strong is religion in upholding these beliefs? If the study done by Evelyn Lehrer entitled sacred Affiliation and its Relation to the Economic and Demographic Decisions People Make, were to be our stand for analysis, we would infer that religion indeed have a huge govern on the people that practice them. Lehrer states that people tilt to take into number religion in whatever interrelated decisions they make over their life cycle (emphasis added), further stressing that for behaviors that pertain to married couple households as contend to individuals, religion matters because it is a complimentary trait within marriage, affecting numerous activities that husband and wife engage in together.16Herrin practically echoes Lehrers argument in his assessment of the Philippine setting by stating that perhaps the single most importan t factor influencing population policy making in the Philippines since its formulation in 1969, and may partly explain its ever shifting focus, is the persistent and ordered opposition of the Catholic Church hierarchy to the government population policy of reducing population growth as well as its nurturement of stilted family readying methods.17Historically speaking, it is alleged that it was the Marcos plaques intention to promote family plan in the country that actually stimulated Philippine Catholicism to arm the commitment of the faithful to the Catholic hierarchys view on the subject.18From that period on, the Catholic Church in the Philippines has continued to adapt a hard spot on these issues, rase if other predominantly Catholic countries around the world (and even some of the predominantly Muslim countries in Southeast Asia who tend to have stricter religious beliefs) have long accepted counterfeit contraception as well as their governments population control pol icies.The Catholic Church in fact was instrumental in deleting a provision on population control in the Philippine Constitution when it was amended in 1987, following the ouster of then prexy Ferdinand Marcos I dont believe they leave alone transfigure their position any time soon and put seat something in the Philippine Constitution that they fought hard to take out. If any universe wants to change the current accepted beliefs with regard to starting a family, decision making to have or not to have a child, and how many children to have, one should always take into consideration the Catholic Churchs position (in fact, Catholic values in general), and work through the Catholic way of thinking and belief systems. This is exactly what former segment of Health monument Juan Flavier did in the mid 90s. Flavier, being a devout Catholic himself (though he did advocate artificial birth control methods), did not go on record as claiming to be against the Churchs position, but just w ent on and did his job as Health Secretary and pushed for an effective family planning campaign,19which was having substantial results until his success as Department Secretary propelled him to the Philippine senate where he served two terms.This then leaves us with the scrap part of the question why is it that the Catholic Churchs position on this issue is regarded with such weight? I believe McQuillan has given us an mood of why this is the situation in the Philippines, when he stated that religious values are likely to play a critical role in constitution demographic behavior when churches are able to build a network of religious institutions that play a formative role in the lives of members and to exercise influence over civil institutions in hostelry as well (emphasis added).20Lehrer further adds that this is not altogether true on the issue of fertility as McQuillan argues, but that it also extends to other demographic and economic outcomes.21I believe both Lehrer and M cQuillan are on spot, at least in the case of the Philippines, as history does back up this argument. diversion from the fact that the Catholic Chuch do play a huge role in shaping Filipino beliefs through education (Catholic schools) and through first-string sermons delivered during mass (weekly Church service), the Catholic Church also holds sway (at least morally as spiritual advisors) over the countrys leading who happen to be predominantly Catholics22. The Catholic Church also plays an active role in politics as watchdog and critic the Catholic Church was at the forefront of the two People Power revolutions, the first toppled the Marcos dictatorship, and the second withdraw Erap Estrada in office on charges of corruption and for moral grounds.23Another political role of the Church is as kingmaker. Proof to this is the number of visitors the Cardinal gets during alternative period, all hoping to get the Catholic Churchs highly regarded endorsement. In fact, this vote-courti ng practice even extends to other Christian denominations in the country that have similar if not more rigid position on abortion, birth control and family planning. whatsoever actor in Philippine politics would definitely think twice about advocating these population control measures and going against the strongly held beliefs of the Church,24as doing so would be tantamount to committing political suicide.Government Action and InactionAniceto Orbeta in an ADB discussion paper points out that the Philippines has been credited as one of the soonest adopters of a strong population design in Asia, tho today it hush has not resolved the population problem, while her late adopting neighbors have successfully addressed the problem and have since turned to face other problems.25Given the preceding(prenominal) mentioned constraints presented by the Catholic Church, and a society that largely adheres to Catholic values, what has government managed to accomplish as regards family plann ing and population control?Then President Ferdinand Marcos was one of the 17 heads of states that signed the UN Declaration of Population on declination 1967. The UN declaration in essence emphasized that the population problem must be recognized as a principal element in long-range national planning if governments are to achieve their economic goals and carry out the aspirations of their people.26With this idea in mind, the government then embarked on studies in order to come up with policies and programs to address concerns about the negative implication of rapid population growth on the attainment of social and economic objectives.27Studies at that time point out that free exercise of fertility decisions of couples is not consistent with the common good, government therefore saw the need to throw in in fertility decisions as a matter of policy family planning was deemed the necessary intervention.28The Catholic Church would have been outraged at that time, but policy statemen ts during that period reassured the Church that whatever population program would be adopted, government would see to it that the religious beliefs and values of individuals would be respected.29The Catholic Church was apparently lulled into a false sense of security, trusting government to keep its word only to find out that it has been working to decriminalize contraceptive sterilization, which the Church was strongly opposed to. In a 1973 unsophisticated letter, the Church allayed fears that the government is following the patterns of acceptance of artificial contraceptive methods from slight radical methods to more radical sterilization and even abortion.30Marcos, in the early years of his dictatorship embarked on massive infrastructure and development programs that period also saw rapid industrialization and urbanization. Because of this and because of concerns that high population growth rate would undermine the governments economic development efforts population control policies as manifest by various studies, policies, decrees and executive orders at that time became a major area of concern. Testament to this was the fact that the role of the government in population would even be enshrined in the 1973 Constitution.It shall be the responsibility of the postulate to achieve and maintain population levels conducive to the national welfare. (Article XV, Section 10).31 smell at the list of population control and family planning policies of the Marcos regime in Herrins paper,32I cannot help but notice that at that period, the government was only looking at the negative flavors of population and fertility growths,33and consequently was only focused on curbing these unwanted growths to achieve their envisioned positively charged economic gains. Policies aimed at developing and harnessing positive consequence of population growth (demographic dividend), such as populations positive effect on production, technical progress and innovation34were apparent ly not taken into consideration (at least not in the policy documents highlighted in Herrins work). Had the government considered the positive aspects of population growth back then, who knows what programs and policies might have been instituted and pursued to take advantage of this demographic dividend. Again, I point to how government at that time approached the problem of evolution unemployment after the late 70s oil crisis, where the government as a retort to the problem decided to pursue overseas migration as a makeshift stop-gap measure labor-migration have since become an institution in Philippine society, and is now viewed as probably one of the major sectors that is keeping Philippine economy afloat.35Whether population growth decline in the early 80s was due to the governments bankers acceptance and implementation of an effective family planning program or if it was mainly an effect of progress, moving from an agricultural to industrialized modes of production or of urbanization or possibly because more women started to enter the workforce, translating into smaller and smaller family size36or whether it is an effect of all these factors working in unison, I have yet to see a study on. But assuming that the decline did results from a conglomeration of these factors, it would be safe to say that the governments policy responses to the problem of growing population and fertility rates were effective and timely. But now, we can only speculate what the effects of those programs would have been to Philippine society and economy had those population control policies not been discontinued.In 1986, Ferdinand Marcos was ousted through the EDSA People Power variety (a movement which I pointed out earlier as having the backing of the Catholic Church), and since that time, the countrys population control program went to a screeching halt. A year after Marcos was ousted, the provision on governments role in population control in the 1973 Philippine Constitu tion was scrapped, and the Constitution (1987 Constitution) that replaced it now carries the Catholic Churchs pro-life, pro-choice position.37Herrin emphasized this fact when he stated that while there was a strong fertility reduction objective during the Marcos era, there was none during the Aquino administration (emphasis added).38Family planning, from being seen as an effective doer to reduce fertility and population growth became a mere health intervention, one with possible fertility consequences.The administrations after that tried to come up with proposals to curb population growth and high fertility rates but they have always encountered stiff opposition from the Church and from pro-life organizations.39The Fidel Ramos administration tried to revive fertility reduction policies through the family planning program by incorporating it under the comprehensive of Reproductive Health40under the Department of Health. Despite scrutiny by the Catholic Church, it was able to progre ss, until its main proponent, charismatic Health Secretary Juan Flavier, win a seat in the Philippine senate. Then President Joseph Estrada also called for an aggressive family planning program to reduce fertility in its PPMP selectional Plan 2001-200441, but this program never saw fruition, as Estrada was ousted in another Catholic Church-backed People Power Revolution. Finally, we have the current administrations, policy statement (or non-statement) on family planning42and Herrin tells us that in essence it says that family planning is primarily a health intervention and as a means to help couples achieve their fertility preference, a statement that does not imply a goal of reducing fertility and population growth rates.43The current proposed bills from the Senate and the House of Representatives seem to show promise but these bills are currently being opposed by the Catholic Church and Church-backed pro-life and pro-choice groups.44Government if it has the will, can always imp lement population control or population management policies if it wanted to (even with Church opposition as evidenced with the Flavier program), but there is also this problem of the length of time leaders stay in office, and since the department heads are coterminous with the President that nominate them, family planning and population control policies tend to have short life spans as well there just doesnt seem to be any way to achieve a continuous program for population control in the Philippines. Currently, the countrys population growth rate45and fertility rate46are declining despite the lack of a solid government family planning or population control program.47This decline could primarily be a direct result of the factors outlined by Debraj Ray in his book48urbanization49, the rise in share of womens share in the labor force50and development being more and more accessible to people even in the rural areas through media,51through formal education channel and through NGOs wh o are working to uplift the lives of people in the countryside. But policy makers in the country still insist on the adoption of a comprehensive population control and management program that would further reduce these rates to levels that are at least similar to those of the Philippines Asiatic neighbors levels that they believe would be more conducive to the attainment of the countrys MDGs.52I argue that though legislation may indeed contribute a total lot as far as institution of radical measures to meet the desired levels of fertility and population growth, the mechanism to institute such change even without legislation is already in existence and simply needs to be tapped. I believe that the key to this problem lies in making the necessary information53available to society in order to effect the necessary changes. Herrin and Pernia for example point us to problems that had to do with misconceptions about contraceptives that are available to the public. Such mis-information in cludes supposed side effects and other health-related issues that artificial contraceptives might have54. Sex education is also one aspect of family planning and population control that doesnt need to wait for passing of the current legislation on debate to be implemented and is one area where the Catholic Church is not opposed to.55The effective utilization of natural birth control methods only require information dissemination56in order to be practiced by the families that need them to abate unwanted fertility or to achieve their desired family size. A society that is more informed about current and future economic prospects a society that is informed about the various choices and options they have as far as security in old age welfare, job opportunities and health care would intuitively make more rational decisions as far as fertility is concerned. But I also believe that people tend to be irrational as well, and a lot of that irrationality has something to do with culture, valu es and beliefs that are deeply ingrained in them again, to change that, information would be the key.57Medias Overlooked Role in Population ControlI want to stress the need to take into consideration the role of information here, as I believe that this is an area that has not been given congruous attention in all these debates regarding population control and family planning issues. It may be true that the Catholic Church have some moral sway as far as decisions in forming a family are concerned. The National government believes that to be able to effectively implement population control programs, it needs legislation that would effectively render Catholic Church opposition to contraception and population control moot and academic, but I believe that this not be the case. Through all these, the national government has failed to consider one institution that might be as powerful (or even more powerful) as the Catholic Church in shaping individual decisions that has to do with ferti lity and size of family mass media.This neglect could be because of the national governments limited perception of media and its possible roles in the implementation of population control programs. Yes, the media has been used before. The Marcos government has used print, radio and television to advance their population control campaign58, so did former Health Secretary Juan Flavier, all of whom claim to have had positive results.59But the thing is that these campaigns blatantly urged families to advocate not just the natural family planning methods but the artificial methods as well, which did not sit well with the Catholic Church.Advertising campaigns also require funding as they need to buy much needed airtime (in the

Review of hierarchical theories of intelligence

Review of grad able-bodied theories of apprehensionThe theories of cognitive abilities fuck off been advanced through the conglomeration of two similar theories on the structure of humans cognitive abilities which project grantd a trend in countersign theories. In particular, Cattell (1941) and Horn (1965) theoretical frame kit and boodle on unitary traits that reflects certain basic aspect of cognitive functioning (Fogerty Stankov, 1988) along with the seminal acidulate of Carrolls (1993) three tier system that proposed cognitive abilities was an magnification and extension of previous theories, notably Spearman (1927) conception of commonplace give-and-take (g) have influenced the advancement in taking into custody the concept of general abilities.McGrew (2004) article emphasizes the theory storeyd assessment, specifically CHC theory based assessment in human cognitive abilities. The article niduses on the history of cognitive abilities theory peculiarly scru tiny nurture, operationalisation and interpretation and outlines salient points of the mould along with evince redirect examination in place upright of the model. Thus, McGrew (2004) provided an outline describing the conglomeration of these models in particular, the initial builds of Cattell (1941) and Horn (1965) Gf Gc theory which proposed Gf ( suave news program activity) of individual differences in cognitive efficacy were the influences of two major classes of components, educational-cultural opportunity, genetic agents and physiological neurological functioning (Ferrer McArdle, 2004) that touched the normal development of cognitive abilities and further postulating that Gc (crystallised intelligence) primarily consisted of delegation of measurable outcome of additional environmentally influenced promoter outs much(prenominal) as get down and acculturation (Alfonso, Flanagan Radwan, 2005. Cited in Flanagan Harrison (Eds)). According to McGrew (2004), the t heory was further expanded by Horn to include various aspects of human cognitive abilities that comprised of eight wide-eyed abilities Fluid news (Gf), Crystallized Intelligence (Gc), Short-Term Acquisition and retrieval (SAR or Gsm), Visual Intelligence (Gv), auditory Intelligence (Ga), Long-Term store and Retrieval (TSR or Glr), Cognitive Processing Speed (Gs), Correct purpose Speed (CDS), and Quantitative Knowledge (Gq). (Horn, 1991. Cited in McGrew, Werder Woodcock (Eds)) proposing that the correlation betwixt Gf -Gc is the prove of an individuals investment in Gf through the acquisitioning of the variety of information and cognitive skills that represents Gc (Jensen, 2002. Cited in Sternberg Grigorenko (Eds)) as well as suggesting that over the period of fundamental interaction with the total environment, individuals who argon more highly endowed with Gf attain a higher level of Gc (Fogerty Stankov, 1988) .Evidence in further support of the model relates to Carrolls ( 1993) seminal work Human Cognitive Abilities A behold of Factor-Analytic Studies, which implied that a translucent number of individual differences in cognitive abilities personify and the relationship amongst these factors can be obtained through classification into three different strata (Alfonso, Flanagan Radwan, 2005. Cited in Flanagan Harrison (Eds)). As such, Carroll (1993) represented the structure of intelligence as a pyramid where general intelligence (g) formed the apex as conceptualised by Spearman (Berk, 2000). He believed that g was the roughly important factor when ascertain intelligence and that general intelligence could be divided into many more sub-factors, olibanum he organised these sub-factors into domains of intellectual abilities representing three separate levels and listing these abilities in descending army of predominance (Carroll, 1993). Stratum III general intelligence factor, Stratum II included the abilities of Fluid Intelligence (Gf), Crysta llized Intelligence (Gc), General Memory and Learning (Gy), Broad Visual Perception(Gv), Broad Auditory Perception (Ga), Broad Retrieval Ability (Glr), Broad CognitiveCHC speculation of cognitive abilitiesSpeediness (Gs), and Reaction Time/Decision Speed (Gt), including 69 togtle abilities within Stratum I that are subsumed by stratum II abilities (McGrew, 2004).Similarly, there is evidence to indicate that CHC has since been recognised as universe the more or less thorough and well interrogationed multiple view of intelligence to date ( McGrew, 2005 Evans, McGrew, Leforgee. 2001). much specifically, McGrew (2004) argues that contemporary psychometric approach pathes have resulted in an effort to present a comprehensive conceptualisation of human cognitive abilities based on factor analytic studies. However, McGrew (2004) concede that although psychometrics had been highly recognised within the air knowledge base of utilise intelligence research it had been a much slowe r acceptance within the field of intelligence testing. Noting, diversity in test mensurations as the disparity in the advancement of the CHC theory particularly in delineate and interpreting cognitive abilities puddle, as well as the non inclusion of fluid and crystallised intelligence along with the exclusion of corresponding research base as a means to the development of intelligent testing (Alfonso, Flanagan Radwan, 2005).The beginning argued that the impetus of change within this sphere was due to the revise model of the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery (WJ-R) based on Horn-Cattell Gf Gc theory as a cognitive model for test development which included two measure of each eight abilities. Moreover, that the amelioration of the WJ-R resulted in the foundation for the first major theory-to-practice bridging with major cushion being on the applied measurement of intelligence. This approach of Woodcock (1990) became a blueprint for future intelligence test developmen t thus, substantially influencing narrowing the contemporary psychometric theory and applied practice rift (Alfonso, Flanagan Radwan, 2005).CHC hypothesis of cognitive abilitiesMcGrew (2004) postulated that as a result of Woodcock (1990) confirmatory factor analyses findings of major intelligences test sparked by the amelioration of the WJ-R permitted the freeing up of practitioners from constraints of most bingle intelligence batteries. The realisation by practitioners of the provision of a set of principles and procedures consequently from a baby battery approach as suggested by Woodcock (1990), allowed for greater measurement of a wider range of abilities by way of, lucidly traversing amongst test batteries that were considered sufficient both in breath and depth in assessing various aspect of the great range of cognitive abilities (Alfonso, Flanagan Radwan, 2005).The assumption of McGrew (2004) of Woodcocks (1990) work provided a transition in intelligence testing has h ad ample evidence in the literature (see McGrew Flanagan, 1998 Messick, 1992 Sternberg Kaufman, 1998) to support such a postulation. In the cross(a) batteries approach McGrew Flanagan (1998) proposed the present of the provision of empirically based set of name that is a standard nomenclature may significantly reduce or eliminate data misinterpretation generally through the combination of cognitive test. Accordingly, Messick (1998) implied that the utilisation of cross batteries approach would safe guards against two ubiquitous sources of invalidity in assessment- construct irrelevant variance and construct under representation. Furthermore, the attributes of cross batteries approach has typically focused on organise assessment that have and test hypotheses that pertains to an individuals functioning by which reliable and valid conclusions are crap in a systematic manner (Alfonso, Flanagan Radwan, 2005).It was therefore logical that focus on the structure of human cognitiv e abilities was of a critical immensity given that there were diverse interpretations and souls of theCHC guess of cognitive abilitiesWith the changes in intelligence test development a systematic taxonomic structure was needful in the field of intelligence, McGrew (2004) claims Carrolls (1993) seminal work Human Cognitive Abilities A Survey of Factor-Analytic Studies provided the development of a greenness nomenclature that is a common set of terms and definition for describing bulky and narrow cognitive abilities preceding(prenominal) and beyond the effect of g (McGrew, 2009). In doing so, Carroll (1993) was able to further the understanding of communication and intelligence measurement amongst scholars and practitioners, integrate and compare individual test across an array of intelligence batteries (McGrew, 2004).Moreover, Carrolls (1993) taxonomy on the structure of human cognitive abilities is grounded by exploratory factor analysis of 461 selected human cognitive abil ities datasets, move from decades of research by various array of dedicated researchers in the field of intelligence (McGrew, 2004).The influence of the CHC taxonomic framework in the use of applied individual batteries of intelligence had ignited the search for common ground between cognitive and psychometric developments hence, in McGrew (2004) article he had introduced the term bed cover of the assessment gospel suggesting in order of magnitude to study individual differences in cognitive abilities there needed to be a single free and narrow ability taxonomy by which the constructs of abilities could be deliberate in the on an individual basis administered intelligence batteries. For this reason, McGrew (2004) is further suggesting that broad abilities should be considered as clusters in the construct of intelligent behaviour and therefore should be considered separately, thus, a move from the concept of single unitary constructs.CHC Theory of cognitive abilitiesThe CHC mod el in the bypast decade has seen a series of exploratory and/or confirmatory factor analysis studies investigating the validity of a wide range of CHC constructs indicators. McGrew (2004) claims since Woodcocks (1990) series of joint factor analyses the majority of intelligence test prior to this barely measured two or three broad cognitive abilities sufficiently, concede that Carrolls (1993) was amongst the array of studies. However, it seems clear that although such representations are evident, the CHC theory has had major impact on intelligence test development due to exploratory and/or confirmatory factor analysis investigations that substantially increases research base to provide empirical support for the broad strokes of contemporary CHC theory (McGrew, 2004).McGrews (2004) article correct studies findings that support the CHC frame work through a comprehensive moving-picture show of the general and broad abilities and their interrelationship in determining human cognit ive abilities, for example multiple group confirmatory factor analysis methodological framework (see Bickley, Keith and Wolf, 1995) found support for the developmental invariance , whilst Taub McGrew ( in press) findings were consistent with that of Bickley et.al (1995) in providing additional support for validity of the broad and general stratum abilities of CHC theory, moreover, small sample structural studies provided a strong support for distinct CHC cognitive factors, however, a depiction is also clear that no single intelligence battery effectively measures all the broad abilities delineated in the framework of CHC (see Kaufman Kaufman, 1993 Pallier and Stankov, 1996).Research using cross batteries intelligence test such as WJ-R and Woodcock -Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery Third Edition (WJ-III) has demonstrated the importance of broad cognitive abilities in explaining domain specific knowledge for generalisation and correlationsCHC Theory of cognitive abilitiesbetween construct indicators (McGrew, 2004). In his article, McGrew (2004) provides evidence based on major studies and it is easy to conclude from these findings the existence of these broad abilities. For instance, related cognitive abilities in which learning mediates the influence of fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallised intelligence (Gc) with cognitive constructs such as general sequential, reasoning (RG), language development (LD), listening ability (LS) with other broad abilities processing speed (Gs) and basic skills (Grw) (reading and spelling, reading comprehension).A central point in much research interest in intelligence theories has been whether general intelligence is embedded in every cognitive task. The CHC theory represents one of the best examples of collective recognition in applied psychology (McGrew, 2009), with its core origin being able to be pinpointed back to Spearmans (1927) presentation of the g factor of intelligence. The seminal work of Carrolls (1993) thre e stratum theory has been a major influence in the framework of CHC theory based on factor analysis of 461 datasets. As previously mentioned in this paper, Carroll (1993) believed that g was the most important factor when determining intelligence, evidence of g is able to be obtained when 60 narrow factor abilities (visualization, visual reminiscence, deductive reasoning) of the first stratum are correlated producing a set of eight second stratum factors (fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, general memory and learning, broad visual perception, broad auditory perception, broad retrieval ability, broad cognitive speediness, and processing speed) which are positively inter-correlated.When these second stratum factors are analysed, a single tertiary factor stratum of general intelligence emerges, whereas, in the two stratum model of Cattle-Horn the second broad order factors constitute the apex and are based on over 40 first-order factors (primary mental abilities) that for ms the lower stratum denoting that there is only two general factors (fluid intelligence,CHC Theory of cognitive abilitiescrystallized intelligence) hence, it does not support a third order g factor to account for correlations among the broad sector order factors (Jensen, 2002). Guided by structural and empirical evidence the CHC theory intercede well in relation to general intelligence that is, g is measured depending upon the statistical analysis of measures of human cognitive abilities in determining cognitive strength and weaknesses of an individual.This is evident in McGrew (2004) assertion that working memory (MW) is a source of complex cognitive activities and is a critical issue in future studies (see McGrew Woodcock, 2001) for postulation of constancy of relations of MW to exert a bouffant causal effect on complex performance, particularly in understanding the rise and decline over the life span. Furthermore, McGrew (2004) argues that measurement of specific abilities wi thin the CHC framework is mainly due to disparity of the CHC theory in describing a relatively complete taxonomy of cognitive function, however, excludes other processes, such as now testing sensory modalities. In doing so, CHC theory neglect other abilities that have found to be important in the construct of intelligent behaviour and achievement.Support for contemporary CHC theory is grounded in the extent of factor analytic research that produced the Gf Gc model and the three stratum model with the indispensability of further research (heritability, neurocognitive, outcome criterion) to continue the validation, refinement and extension of the CHC taxonomy being evident in McGrew (2004) article suggesting human cognitive abilities is clearly multidimensional. As such, McGrew (2004) makes clear that Carrolls (1994, cited in McGrew) approach of open-ended empirical theory is a pathway to which future research are able to provide however unknown and unmeasured factor abilities up on one or more levels of the CHC model.CHC Theory of cognitive abilities

Effects of War on Fuel Market Equilibrium

Effects of War on kindle Market offsetFuel, rock inunct or in close to countries called gas is undeniable as important commodities and resources for many spheres in the ground especially in impartation, providing heftiness and industries. Let take a drum a line on arouse sales. The sale of introduction vegetable inunct is USD 1,600 billion in the division 2008. Most countries with aside this natural resource provide pay off to ease up in order to get this resource and in the class 2000, Saudi Arabia is reported gained about USD 80 billion dollars as export income. This shows that the pauperization of this resource is becoming high and of course important as might sources.Based on International Energy Agency (IEA) report on 2009, top three importers of oil atomic number 18 United States of America, Japan and China. Globally, provide foodstuff inquires argon wobble magnitude all(prenominal) year. According to IEA on celestial latitude 2010 report, world(a ) oil product is revised up from 130, 000 (Kb/d) barrel per twenty-four hours to 87.4 million barrels per day and it is expected 260 000 barrels per day to 88 million barrels per day in 2011. That was a huge increase necessityWhat does subscribe to style? Demand is determined as native amount of goods required and able to be purchased by consumers at conglomerate impairment levels in certain spot. Besides that, admit too related to with different variable which is bar and price. In measuring demand measure for oil and political machine food grocery store, we grass predict that other variables also touching consumption ar remains.Nowadays, oil productions are dominated by boldness of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) which led by Arab Saudi and the others are louvre of Middle East manufacturing businesss which produce 75% of global output. The world oil production chart is shows in figure 1 (b) as per underAs we kip down, crude oil plays important role in a ll(prenominal) sectors of world economic from heavy industries to agriculture sector. Once fight eruption in a country especially political machinedinal of the main producers of oil in the world, then the impact provide be spread out all over the world. why? Oil prices give causes increasing in prices and directly infecting world economics too. As an example, Iraq invasion in capital of Kuwait in 1990 has reduced the come forth of oil as Kuwait contributed 2.5% of world oil production while Iraq contributed 5%. Therefore, this has return off oil supplies for about 7.5%. Thus, we could calculate the percentage of oil production organism cut off from country AHowever, this forget reduce the aggregate of oil supply and up fightd pressure on the price level and indirectly causing decline of total output. See? The impacts are interrelated with all(prenominal) other and indeed affect the world providence. According to the honor of demand, it says that when prices gains, de mand quantity decreases and when price decreases, demand quantity increases. This is sh proclaim in figure 2In the other communicate, we can predict the nitty-gritty on balance wheel quantity and prices when on that point are changes in demand or supply. Equilibrium is the term apply in economics field which means a condition where all variables sop up reached established position with no movement to change.Market equilibrium exit maintain as no market place forces which affecting demand and supply. Demand and supply are shifting to the leftfield or to the right as a response to changes in determining factor variables. In country A case, terminate supply disruptions snuff it and thus causing price increase and demanding falling decrease. This is due to economics law states that all factors all equal as the price of goods or work increase and the demand will decrease. This is shown in figure 3(a) as per infraAs the raise price increase from P1 to P2, quantity demanded for fire will decrease. This relation are referred to Law of Demand where when price increases demand quantities will decreases and when price decreases, the demand quantity will increases. Therefore, consumers will reduce their demand for cars and this will result shifting supply curve to left.According to supply change, when supply decreases and the demand remain unchanged, the equilibrium price will increase and at the very(prenominal) conviction equilibrium quantity will decrease. Lets carriage what happen while Hurricane Katrina blows US in September 2005. The price was raise by sellers and in certain states much(prenominal) as Arkansas and Kentucky thither are shortage of supplies. Shortage of supplies also called excess demand. Therefore, when the war stone-broke out in country A, then we can predict that the same scenario will happen and the situation might be worst. This will results in rise in the equilibrium price of fuel. The demand of oil is dead as we couldnt re fleck or substitute oil as energy sources. Inelastic of demand here means that the price change balance is bigger than ratio of quantity change. Therefore, price change will retain more significant prepare.Once the fuel or petrol change due to war in country A, car market also will influence as they are classified as complemental goods. Complementary good means that goods which can be consumed together to get satisfaction. Therefore, the effects of war on car market are discussed as per below chapter.Effects of war on car market equilibriumWhat is the relationship between oil and car? Actually, we can say that if in that respect is no oil, major problems will be faced by point sectors such as lorry, tanks, public vehicles, industries and also our occasional transportation. In the year 2009, Malaysia faced shortage of diesel supply and what is the effect? There are carve up of vehicles which used diesel stocked because of this. The same phenomena are predicted to be happe ning when country A involved in war. In wider view, thither are about eight millions of vehicles all over the world which used fuel in the year 2000 and this number is greatly increased every yearSo what are the impacts if the fuel price increased? Fuel consumers may film to drive less, using alternating(a) transportation such as commuter, construeing for fuel resource substitution and they might choose electric based engines such as hybrid car. Therefore, there are close relationship between fuel price and car market as fuel and car are complementary on each other. By the counsel, what will happen if the price of fuel increasing whiles the price of car increase too caused by tax? We could imagine that there is lot of cars with various engine place offered with low pricesAs the fuel price is higher need to be gainful by consumers, the hail of petrol guzzling vehicle such as BMW and Mercedes Benz will increased. Thus, the demand of luxury cars will decline. As an alternate, c onsumers in the market will look for monetary value saving vehicles as solution. They might change to lower power vehicles in cubic cen measureter (cc) such as PERODUA cars in the market and etc. as solution if the war happens for short term.This has been proved by a research which has been done by economist at royal College, London recommended that consumers will tends to look for more efficient energy cars, selecting and prioritize public transport for trips and minimize their travel distances. As a result, there will be lots of luxury used car offered in the market and demand curve will shift to left as shown in figure 5.In the other hand, what will happen if the war continues for long term? In this case, we can assume that production of new-sprung(prenominal) cars will be reduced or being stop at all until the situation recovered and thus, demand curve will decrease. This effect towards demand curve and supply curve is illustrated in figure 6Tax imposition effects of the fuel marketTax is apply by organization who rules in a country towards sellers for each building block of goods being sold. Therefore, we as consumer had to pay higher cost to get those items we required. As an example, we are paying additional 1% which total out 6% of government tax for ASTRO go since February 2011.Tax which imposed by government means increase cost for sellers. Thus, the tax will shift the supply curve the left as in figure 7. From the figure, the price paid by consumers and price received by sellers are shown as the diametric at tax value of t. The amount of tax which collected by government is on area P1 P2 BC, while amount borne by consumer are on P0 P2 BE and the seller tax is on area P1 P0 EC. In most countries, the implementation on tax fuels is intended for transportation sector and it is function as one of revenue source.As the demand of car is elastic, it means that demand is responding to price change. In this case, the provider or producer must borne o r absorb the tax. When demand is elastic, the effect of tax employ is lift the price as mentioned in figure 8. However, equilibrium quantity will decrease in this situation.At war situation, demand for fuel will drop and demand for substitutes will increase. Among substitution choices at this time is using alternative electric vehicles and focusing on public transportation such as train.In 2008, Malaysia is ranked at 26th place as world oil producers with 753,700 billion barrels per day (Malaysia is also one of OPEC member).The number of production is small if compared to Arab Saudi which produces 10,250,000 billion barrels per day. Due to war impact even though we still have the resources, the fuel must be used with most efficient way as Malaysia just began to learn, implement and use other energy alternative such as coal in electric ready.Who will weary the taxes imposed on fuel?Taxes consist of direct and indirect tax. thus where does tax income goes to? Those incomes which collected by a government were used for phylogenesis of country, public works, education, enforcement of law, health care and etc. Big issue arising on the tax imposed by government is who will offer the cost? Actually when the demand is inelastic, the producer or seller has the ability to hold most or all of indirect tax to consumer by raising the market price of car. What is mean by elasticity? Elasticity is specify as sensitivity measurement of a particular variable towards one of its determinant such as price. Therefore when demand of car market price is elastic, the producer cannot simply pass the tax to the consumer but they have to bear majority of the tax by themselves. Therefore, the tax borne by consumer and supplier is shown in figure 9 as belowUsually, suppliers will hand over the tax which borne by them in whatever goods or services to consumer. The different is whether the amount is small or big. Price elasticity of demand measures response of quantity demanded by consumer of a particular good towards change in the price of the good.What does indirect tax mean from figure 9 as above? Indirect tax is the tax which imposed by government to suppliers. Examples for these taxes are duties on alcohol, cigarettes and fuel. For certain reasons, government levied tax as a strategy to improve environment. In other words, tax is foe of subsidies which given by government.Logically, consumers have to pay the tax for fuel as it is needed daily. Whether we move to a destination to another by our own car, taxi, buses, by flight or by sea, it all used fuel as energy. As country A still recovering from war, it means that world supplies for fuel will take times to gain constant again. In countries like Japan, China and Denmark, transformation has begun to develop electric vehicles. In Japan, their cab has used fully electric operational cab in Tokyo. Malaysia which also affected by high fuel prices should learn and prick to develop electric vehicles too and should concentrate on transformation.As we know, the increasing price of fuel will directly influence the other daily goods such as milk, sugar, meat and etc. to rise too. Thus, consumers have to bear the effects in the other side. Therefore, it is unfair all burdens of taxes being bonded by consumers.ConclusionsAs fuel demands are increasing all over the world, alternative energy substitution of fuel are highly recommended. According to track Lutz from General Motors, when the price of oil rising and stay, it has negative effects to economy as oil is used in the production of virtually in everything, including steel, aluminum, plastics, rubber, fabrics, transportation, and food (Daniel Gross, 2008). Consumers may not hold the high prices for longer period of time.Implementation of tax must be review from time to time and should be studied on the impacts to consumer, market and economy. Too high taxes will burden consumers and of course the price of goods will rise too. Therefore, demand of goods will decreaseIn order to implement the taxes, government in country A must consider many aspects before the tax is being implemented. This step actually will give impact for long term. Why? We have seen the effect of high fuel price towards car market. Nowadays, car is considered as must have or needed at least one unit in a family or a household. However, lots of car offered in the market is also beneficial to consumers as we can choose the type of car we like with the specifications we like.That was for short term effect. What will happen if the main producer of fuel continuously involved in crisis or the crisis took longer period to be calm and solve? The effect will be worsening and as could be as what had happen in 1970s where fuel supplies in West countries in that year were in critical situation.Political stabilities also play important roles in influencing fuel price especially in Middle East countries. We know the fact that Middle East countries are rich wi th oil resources. modish crisis in Libya has almost cut off about 300,000 barrels of fuel production. According to Oil and Gas Journal (OGJ), Libya own total proven oil reserves of 46.4 billion barrels as January 2011 which is the largest in Africa. Thus, war situation or this type of crisis has put fuel supplies at jeopardize. Traders and abbreviation is watching closely on strikes especially in countries such as Iran as continuous oil price spikes could cause inflation and infecting global economic growth. Latest news, Oil companies reported has shut off their plant as the country is still in chaos. What is become worsening is the other country which is also producing fuel, Oman also involve crisis. Thats frightened as the risk of oil production surely will stop.Words 2,804

Online Shopping Internet

Online obtain earningsHave you ever tried buying your fit or appliances thru lucre? Online snoop is the act upon of purchase and selling intersections or services oer the internet. (Akary, 2005). It has gain popularity because of its convenience. There ar some factors that be of import in online shop such as the guarantor and the screen of the consumers. Online obtain has replaced the traditional process of consumers buying goods from a retailer or mall that they must physically go into. (Akary, 2005). Online obtain is matchless aspect of electronic commerce. Online obtain is important because it introduces buyers convenience that has never before been achievable. (Sneddon, 2004). The engineering that is now available allows guests to shop on the internet 24 hours a day and s level(p) days a week, without having to leave their homes or offices. Shoppers be profferd with an abundance of merchant sites where al nigh every goods on earth roll in the hay be bought. Consumers foot as well as comp be prices from a variety of assorted retailers with greater ease, comp bed to them physically going to shop in a create shop centre to check prices.Online obtain popularity started in 1990, unaccompanied a couple of(prenominal) substance abusers are using the constitution. At the same era, the popularity of the Internet also grew at a phenomenal rate. Rifkin (2004, p. 34). History of online obtain and how it became famous get out be wrangleed in the first part of this paper. The disadvantages and advantages of online obtain go a repair smart be presented.The bearing of this paper is to be able to present to the readers the pros and cons of on-line shopping. Another bearing of the study is to evaluate the e- business organisation that has been gaining the popularity. Most articles that I encounter about e-business presents one conclusion, that a company would not make it in the international foodstuff if they were not able to penetrate the online shopping. The paper depart also discuss the complexity of the design. This bequeath include the effectiveness and safety of the said design.The see to it aims to present a secured and protected online shopping. The main concern of the user of online shopping is their anonymity. Some website promised that they are macrocosm protected scarce actually they are not. This project will present the prototype design using the Multi-agent dodge (MAS). The MAS will make online shopping much much tardily. Traditional shopping involves saleslady or agent that will assist you during your tour in the mall. The MAS will act as your guide in choosing the item you need. This will make online shopping much more convenient than traditional shopping.In the literature review, the study make by Sinmao (1999) in the use of smart agent is discussed. The analyses do by Giles Malliford (2007) on the problems encountered by online shoppers are enumerated. He presented the reasons why s hoppers abanthroughd their shopping carts. The shop.org (2007) shows the statistics of online users. The primary concern of the user is their tribute department that is why utexas.edu presented the checklist to consider for making your online buys as safe as realizable (www.utexas.edu). Also in the literature review the psychological effect of online shopping are discussed. (Smith, Swinyard, 2001).The benefits of online shopping are enumerated to help the user understand why such program is do. Disadvantages and advantages of using the internet in shopping will be discussed. At the end of this paper the reader will be able to decide whether they will choose to shop the traditional way or the online shoppingHistory of Online ShoppingOnline shopping belongs to the so called e-commerce. It started in 1970 wherein invoices and orders are sent thru the internet. And then in 1980 the acceptance of deferred payment tease and automated teller machine where accepted online. When dot com era arrived electronic commerce include activities termed as web commerce purchases of goods and services over the world wide web, in a secure connections with e-shopping carts and payment where done thru the use of source greenback.Online shopping began in the early to mid 1990s. outset online bank was opened in 1994 and Pizza Hut was the first to offer pizza online on their nett page. Further development of online shopping was done and later that yr Netscape introduced SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) that make most minutes secure. In 1995 Jeff Bezos launched Amazon.com and in 1996, e-Bay was founded. By the end of 1997, an estimated 41 million people were shopping online. (Kary, 2005). 1999 saw the UKs first graphical Internet shopping mall called The Virtual Mall. In 2003, Amazon.com became the first ever full-year profit online shopping merchant. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Shop). From here the online shopping has set about popular. Now dresses, foods, medicines and others can be purchased online.Safety of the customer is important even in the early long time of online shopping. Netscape SSL purpose is to secure the identity of their customer to prevent cyber crime which is common in transactions involving ones identity in the internet. It has been the medium of transaction of businesses. The future is now pointing its direction to new technologies.Literature ReviewSeveral studies are involved in online shopping. The use of an sharp agent is important in e-commerce specially in online shopping. (Sinmao, 1999). Intelligent agents are a major evolution toward solving this difficult problem. Intelligent agents establish both buyers and sellers to accomplish e-commerce transactions by enabling efficient, precise, and comprehensive searches on the vast web community and in kneadation repository. . (Sinmao, 1999). Intelligent agents are packet applications that abide a predefined knowledge base and/or learning system about their users goals and wishes and, through adaptive reasoning, use this information to execute their users request. The continuum of smart agents may be characterized along three dimensions agency, intelligence, and mobility. In Appendix 1 the three dimensions of intelligent agents are presented to show how intelligent agents work on online shopping.Statistics (Table 1) shows the problems encountered during the first year of online shopping. Since online shopping during the first years is not up to now fully developed problems are piling up. These problems were being resolved as the year goes by. Studies and topes were done to enhance and improve the e-commerce. Table below shows problems encountered by Canada during the earlier years of online shopping.Table 1StatSourceDate or so 21 shareage of Canadians sited comparison-shopping as the main reason for online cart abandonment, eon 17 percent circulateed that high fare be were a cause for aborting their purchases.NFO CFGroup10/08/200240 per cent of Internet users in Canada report that they abandoned at least one shopping cart on a Canadian retail website during a three month current in early 2002. The findings also found that for every purchase Canadians make online, another was not completed.NFO CFGroup10/08/2002Although Canadians dog-tired CAD2 billion (USD1.2 billion) at retail websites during the first half of 2002, many online shoppers abandoned their carts due to poorly knowing sites, fare costs, and privacy concerns.NFO CFGroup10/08/20022.2 million Canadian households spent unaired to CAD2 billion (USD1.27 billion) on online shopping in 2001. In 2000, 1.5 million households spent CAD1.5 billion shopping on the Internet. Canadian households placed a sum total of 13.4 million orders over the Internet in 2001, up from 9.1 million in 2000.Statistics Canada09/18/2002Source http//www.shop.org/learn/stats_intshop_canada.aspIn the study done by shop.org, 2007 online sales (including travel) rises 18 percent to $25 9.1 billion. Sales excluding travel will reach $174.5 billion. This strong growth will set off of an impressive exertion in 2006. Online sales last year rose 25 percent to $219.9 billion. Excluding travel, online retail sales rose 29 percent to $146.5 billion, representing six percent of total retail sales in 2006. ( Grannis, Davis, 2007). According to Mulpuru, Sucharita, (2007) senior analyst of Forrester Research, online retail is moving full speed ahead, the consumers flood the web to purchase merchandise and investigate crossroads. This strong growth is an indicator that online retail is years away from reaching a point of saturation. The positiveness through the orbit has stabilized, this is a good indication that e-commerce is gaining success. The study done by shop.org and Forrester shows the chase profitability resoluteness Eighty-three percent of respondents to the survey reported profitability and 78 percent said they were more profitable than 2005. Profit as a pe rcentage of revenue did not change, the report notes, because revenue and expenses grew as well.In the article The Top 10 Reasons Why Online Buyers Abandon Their Shopping Cart by Miles Galliford (2007), he mentioned the reasons why shopping carts are being abandon by shoppers. Research undertaken by MarketingSherpa (www.marketingsherpa.com) and E-Tailing in 2006 discovered that clean abandonment rates were 60% and 47% respectively. This means that the average mercantile website is losing as much as half ofits potential revenue. (Galliford, 2007). Based on the article the reasons why they abandon their cart during online shoppingHidden charges at the checkoutHaving to register before buyingThe buyer was comparison shopping and found a better dealThe transit costs were alike highThe buyer didnt baffle time to complete the checkout processThe product was out of stockThere were no clear talking to detailsNo phone consequence was providedThe checkout process was in any case longT he buyer was uncomfortable with the checkout processFrom the above reasons it seems that online shopping is not yet perfected. That is why study and researches are being done to satisfy the customer. Among other studies done on online shopping includes one that provides some(prenominal) tips on how to make sure that the web site you are purchasing your items are secured. One of the main concerns of the shopper is their security. That is why most of the website offering online shopping tell aparts that security is their main concern. However there are some websites that does not really allow a security program. As a result of this the data of the customer is easily accessible by others. This is where cyber crime takes place. In order to envision that you are on a safe website below is the checklist to consider for making your online purchases as safe as attainable (www.utexas.edu). but shop at online stores of reputable companies (companies you already know from retail stores, transport order catalogs or other sources). Know how to contact them offline if there is a problem with your purchase. If you are unsure of the company, do a lilliputian research with the Better Business Bureau. Secure your sack up browser. Check the security settings of your Web browser to growth the security of your transactions. Check for security icons before gift your personal information. Before you type in your credit card number or name and address, check for security icons on the Web site. This includes tone for https in the Web address or URL. Https indicates the Web site is provide with an additional security layer. If its not there, the site or page is not secure. Create unique passwords. Dont use the same password for all of your online accounts and applications. If you do this, you risk having all of your accounts compromised if only one account is breached. Remember to never use your university passwords for other online accounts. Dont enable the Save Password o ption if prompted to do so. If you are using a shared calculating machine, pre-saved passwords will make it mild for others to access your accounts. Use only one dedicated credit card for online purchases. Monitor your monthly statements closely for any unusual activity. Dont use a debit card for online purchases. You are more protected using a credit card instead of a debit card. Credit card companies offer some degree of fraud protection and may be able to reverse charges to your account. Check the Web sites privacy policy. Only shop with online stores offering privacy policies that you agree with. They should provide information about how they will protect your personal information and whether it will be provided to other companies. endlessly log out of a Web site when you are through. Again, this will protect your accounts on a shared computer. Review your monthly credit card and bank statements. Check for any unauthorized purchases or errors. instruct your bank or credit ca rd company immediately if you suspect someone is using your accounts without your permission. Because of these threats on online shopping, the enhancements of websites are being done to ensure that every single person and data is protected.In the study done by IBM and BYU (Professor William R. Swinyard and Professor Scott M. Smith) online shopping reveals attitude and lifestyle of the user. (2001). The attitudinal study of 4000 Web users reveals the shopping behaviour of eight online consumer types and which types would respond to marketing efforts designed to increase e-commerce sales. The study also suggests what form those efforts should take.Heres how each group looks and how Swinyard and Smith view they should be approached With 11.1 percent of the market share, Shopping Lovers get laid buying online and do so frequently. They are competent computer users and will likely widen their shopping habits. They also spread the word to others about joys of online shopping whenever they have the opportunity. They represent an ideal sign for retailers. Adventurous Explorers (8.9 percent) are a undersize ingredient that presents a large opportunity. They require little special anxiety by Internet vendors because they believe online shopping is fun. They are likely the look leaders for all things online. Retailers should nurture and cultivate them to be online community builders and shopping advocates. Suspicious Learners (9.6 percent) comprise another small segment with growth potential. Their hesitance to purchase online more frequently hinges on their leave out of computer training, but they are open to new ways of doing things. In contrast to more fearful segments, they dont have a problem giving a computer their credit card number. Further guidance and training would help tittle-tattle them into online buying. Among the most computer literate, Business Users (12.4 percent) use the Internet primarily for business purposes. They take a serious interes t in what it can do for their professional life. They dont view online shopping as novel and arent usually champions of the practice. horrible Browsers (10.7 percent) are on the cusp of buying online. They are capable Internet and computer users, dribbleing a good deal of time windowpane shopping. They could become a significant buying group if their fears about credit card security, shipping charges and buying products sight unseen were kill. Shopping Avoiders (15.6 percent) have an appealing income level, but their values make them a poor target for online retailers. They dont like to wait for products to be shipped to them, and they like seeing merchandise in person before buying. They have online shopping issues that retailers will not easily be able to overcome. Technology Muddlers (19.6 percent) face large computer literacy hurdles. They spend less time than any other segment online and show little excitement about increasing their online comfort level. They are not an spe llbinding market for online retailers. Fun Seekers (12.1 percent) are the least wealthy and least educated market segment. They see entertainment value in the Internet, but buying things online frightens them. Although security and privacy issues might be overcome, the spending power of the segment suggests that only a marginal long-term payback would be possibleIn the study done by KCB336 New Media Technologies students, they have come up on reasons why many people are button up hesitant in using online shopping. Their study resulted in 69% of internet shoppers felt that online retailers should do more to make them feel secure, yet only 15% reported to know others who had attendd credit card revile advocated her trust for online shopping when she claimed. Because of the concern of the customer in the security measures, retailers hold a number of security measures, including cryptogrpahy and authentication to help the online transactions safe. cryptanalysis can provide authent ication and integrity for electronic transmissions if properly implemented. enfranchisement is defined as goal of knowing that a particular user is authorized to take an action. Personal identification numbers (PIN) and passwords are the most widespread types of authentication.Based also on the study done by the New Media Technology (2004), another key issue aside from the security is the privacy. To further ease customer apprehension, many online retailers provide privacy statements which state their stance on sharing customer information with other businesses. umteen companies stated that they did not share customer details. In addition to this, online retailers also employ cryptography to ensure that computer hackers cannot easily obtain any stored personal information that companies keep regarding their customers. Some companies only installed privacy and security measures after problems had occurred. Their lack of preventative methods was attributed towards the difficulty of implementing security measures, the high costs associated with these measures, and the continual need to update programs as new technologies and threats emerged.Internet-based transactions birth to make up 25 percent of all retail transactions in the next decade according to the study done by the New Media Technology (2004), therefore it is imperative for online retailers to continue to provide a secure, private and trustworthy shopping environment for their customers. Those who can best provide this climate for online shoppers will be the retailers who root for the most customers, and ultimately enjoy the most profits.According to Changchit, Douthit, and Hoffmeyer (2005), the success of online businesses relies heavily upon their ability to attract and retain customers. The better an online business understands the needs of these shoppers, the higher the chance that they can attract and retain customers. Their study includes factors that are important for the consumers. A study compared the experiences that customers have at a brick-and-mortar store versus online shopping. A main difference in the two experiences is that traditional storefronts are able to provide customers with the immediate sensory experience of touching and feeling proffered products whereas online storefronts are more limited in offering physical experiences with their products. Internet customers may have the visual experience of seeing what they are interested in purchasing. They are limited in their ability to touch or feel the merchandise until after delivery. The lack of the physical experiences touching and feeling available in traditional brick-and-mortar storefronts may be a reason why an online business has not go to the level that some thought possible in the early 1990s. To overcome this obstacle, online businesses need to focus on satisfiers outside physical experiences with products. They need to dispose customers that touching and feeling the merchandise are less impor tant than what they can offer via an online shopping. This study intends to explore which factors are perceived as important to online customers when shopping on the Internet. (Changchit, Douthit, and Hoffmeyer 2005).Presented in table 3 below are the demographics of online user. The most common user of online shopping belongs to the Caucasian (4.9%) group with ages ranging form 22-25 years old (31.7%). Table 4 shows the factors that are important on online shoppers.TABLE 2 SUBJECTS DEMOGRAPHICSAge (in years)Under 18 18-2122-2526-3031-35Over 350 %16 (15.8%)32 (31.7%)16 (15.8%)13 (12.9%)21 (20.8%)NationalityEthnicity AfricanAsian AmericanCaucasianHispanicOther8 (8.2%)7 (7.1%)46 (46.9%)32 (32.7%)5 (5.1%)Annual Income (US$)10K-30K30K-50K50K-70K70K-90K90K22 (22.5%)17 (17.4%)26 (26.5%)12 (12.2%)6 (6.1%)15 (15.3%)Highest EducationHigh School1-3 year collegeAssociateBachelorMasterDoctorate7 (7.1%)18 (18.4%)10 (10.2%)38 (38.8%)20 (20.4%)5 (5.1%)Own a Computer settingLaptop82 (83.7%)59(60.2 %)Employment StatusUnemployedFull periodPart Time12(12.2%)58(59.2%)28(25.6%)Marital StatusSingleMarried leaveDivorce60(61.2%)38(38.8%)0(0%)0(0%)Source Changchit, Shawn J. Douthit, Benjamin Hoffmeyer (2005) http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0OGT/is_3_5/ai_n16619676/pg_6TABLE 3 FACTORS advance SHOPPERS TO VISIT A WEBSITEI will visit the website more often if . Average1. a portray of the product is displayed 5.852. the website offers free shipping 5.763. it is voiced to return the products 5.514. the website accuracy of the order is high 5.425. the website has a brand composition 5.41TABLE 4 FACTORS ENCOURAGING SHOPPERS TO obtain FROM A WEBSITEI am more likely to purchase products/ Averageservices from the website if .1. the website offers free shipping 5.862. the website offers a discount 5.793. it is easy to return the products 5.744. a picture of the product is displayed 5.705. the website offers tax free shopping 5.51TABLE 5 FACTORS ENCOURAGING SHOPPERS TO PURCHASE MORE I TEMSI will purchase more items if . Average1. the website offers a discount 5.712. the website offers free shopping 5.673. it is easy to return the products 5.644. a picture of the product is displayed 5.595. I received tax free shopping. 5.57TABLE 6 FACTORS ENCOURAGING SHOPPERS TO PURCHASE AT A HIGHER PRICEI am willing to pay more if . Average1. the website offers free shipping 5.202. if the item is not available offline 5.143. if I can t the product out before-paying 5.104. if offered tax free shopping 5.055. if the website offers next day shipping 4.94TABLE 7 FACTORS ENCOURAGING SHOPPERS TO PROVIDE FEEDBACKSI would provide feedback on my shopping Averageexperience for 1. free shipping 5.612. discount 5.413. gift card 5.324. product sample 5.175. discount coupon 5.09Disadvantages and Advantages of Online shoppingOnline shopping has its own set of disadvantages and advantages. Not all online shoppers agree to shop online, they would quite a shop at the mall than sit in their livin g style and search for the item they want. As presented on the first report the spare-time activity are the disadvantages and advantages of online shoppingTable 3 Advantages and DisadvantagesOn line shopping Traditional Shopping TimeUnlimited you can purchase online anytime you want. No closing and opening hours You can shop at limited time only.AvailabilityOne will be able to know right away if the item is

Qualities of a Good Parent

Qualities of a Good PargonntWhat does it take to be a ripe(p) pargonnt? universe a p bent is nonp aril of the to the highest degree fulfilling experiences a person dope welcome. There is a inseparable instinct that seems to come to a clean rise, but there ar bits of advice that asshole help when you ar ch everyenged in the growing up years. The to the highest degree important thing however, that any grow can give their s hold upr, is a whiz of cosmos be intimated. A gentle cuddle, a myopic encouragement, appreciation, sycophancy or even a smile can go a long way to boost the confidence and well- being of your baberen. Respect their seclusion as you would want them to respect yours for example, if you t distributively your squirt that your direction is stunned of boundaries to them, respect the same with their room. Allow them to nonice that once they enter their room they can exist that no one ordain look through with(predicate) their drawers, or read the ir diary. Dont argue with your spouse in front of the barbarianren. If they are sleeping, argue quietly. Modern divorce rates take on children steping unsettled and fearful when they hear conjure ups bickering. In addition, children will learn to argue with each other the same way they hear their raises argue with each other. intend them that when plenty disagree, they can discuss their differences peacefully Give up your vices gambling, intoxicant and drugs can jeopardize your childs pecuniary security. Smoking almost always cut ins wellness hazards to your childs environment. Second-hand smoke has been linked to several respiratory ailments in children. It could also modify to the early death of a enhance. Alcohol and drugs might also introduce health hazards or violence to your childs environment. With a little patience and self-motivation you can be a great advert.Another feature making a beloved parent is being able to provide for the family with caoutchouc. Th is encompasses physical safety of the shelter, the financial safety of being able to meet the familys financial demand and other forms of psychological safety. about families in the global sense demand high degree of security and safety due to the uncertainties in the world. Financial security to prepare the family members for their future peculiarly for the kids education is a crucial role that is a compliment for every parent.Another quality of a wide-cut parent is being able to nominateen to the illustration of the family members and reacting effectively to their demands. Considering that nobody is perfect, when parents makes mistakes, they need to accept and correct their mistakes on severe clock and in good faith for the cleanse of the family and ordination at large. Through this, a parent will be able to be a role model to the family.Though each social heathenish setting has what the qualities of a good parent, a parent needs to make up that there is no parent who can be exclusively perfect. This consequently calls for parents to change some approaches while providing the best for the family. In every society, this list is endless however, love, security and safety are among the best amenities that a good parent must provide for the family. By provision of these needs to the family members, a parent will be respected by the family members and the society while the parent will be able to control the entirely family.The 9/11 AttacksMy Splendor I awoke the morning of September eleventh standardized any other day. Comfortably lying in my bed, agile and snug. I was dreaming and at total peace, oblivious to the world virtually me. Suddenly, I sprang up to the blaring sound of my pulsating alarm clock. The sun was up and shining into my bed room window. I got up, looked around, and observed the horizon with a disgruntled look on my face admiring its beauty. I did not realise it that chilly morning, when I turned my Tv to watch my favorite vis ualise Despierta the States (Wake Up America) in English. And an a second all my greatness went down, it changed my perception about fear, my a contendeness about the national issues, and my view on the preciousness of life.The first, resolution the President George W. Bush made was to respond to the attacks by sending troops to Irak and Afghanistan. A war was the decision that the President took as a defense to our nation. Was a fatal decision after we were slimy the loss of many a(prenominal) innocent friends and families. And another hand a war it is always an extreme cost to the taxpayers. Are billions and billions of dollars which heap is always release to opposed to this horrible decision.The second, effect of 9/11 attacks the government added new laws. All airports security around the nation are tighter then before. As well as governments buildings and colleges, also immigration laws had changed more then it was. A lot of us feel uncomfortable to travel because, they pu t one over to prepare from your luggage till your whole body and that is very uncomfortable.And some periods I asked myself Are we secure enough?The last of this fatal event leads to a down economy, that affects every one of us. Since those horrible attacks of 9/11, United States of America lost a lot of money and is an extreme debt.After that the prices of everything went higher, many people lost their jobs as a result of the economy, because of this many businesses are closing out and what is worst is the people who are losing their houses.In conclusion, the collision of 9/11 changed the United States of America in number of ways. disdain the horrific act of the 9/11 attacks, overall the United States has turn up to be quite resilient as it has in the past in the wake of crises. Will the attacks happen again? if so where?Do you feel more secure? Is the nation safer today then September 11, 2011?4.Qualities of a Good ParentParenting can be joyous, but it can be challenging also . Many have the privilege of being parents and some Godparents. That is my situation. I cannot have children of my own but I have a Goddaughter, and if she had anything to severalise about me, she would regularise that I am a good Godparent.First, she would separate ma (that is what Jasmine calls me) is a very good God come. She steps in conscionable like a mother. I can remember one time we were having a very interesting conversation on boys and ma said, that you have to be careful with boys these days Jasmine, they out for one thing solely child, and thats sex I gave her situations about my own life that she could have-to doe with to, now that she is in high teach, she tells me, that she remembers the conversation on boys and that keeps her from having pre-marital sex.Second, she would tell people about my nieces and nephews, which I spend time with every chance I get. I also let them know in order to be something in life you have to make sacrifices. Never allow anyone to sa y you cannot accomplish things. Spending time with them is like a having children of my own. I domain them also. You cannot be a good parent without some form of discipline. The playscript say, You spare the rod, you will spoil the child. I believe that saying, not that you beat your children, but give some form of punishment like timeout, taking their games, chores, and no TV. In order to show them that what they did was wrong. Some people however, do use physical punishment. Sometimes I wonder, is that good for the parent to give them whoopings. My parent has only whooped us when we did very bad things, and all of us grew up to be good children.Third, Jasmine would tell others that I have a sense of humor underneath all that toughness. I love joking around with them and going on what we call adventures with ma. You never know where you will end up at on one of these trips, but you had better believe you would learn something from them. I remember taking them to the west side of Montgomery one time and they were so scared. This was to teach them to appreciate where you leave and what happens when you settle for less in life.Fourth, she would say that I am a good support person. She is at every game screaming out our name or well-favoured shout out on Facebook to her Goddaughter, nieces, and nephews. She is there when we have fundraisers, needs a chaperone for a field trip, and however she can help, ma is there.You can say I have what it takes to be a good parent just ask my Goddaughter, nieces, or nephews. They all would agree. Just because you do not have children of your own you can no whether or not you will be a good parent. Parenting is something that you love being, and I love being a God mom and auntie, it is just like being a parent.Word Count 543Being Good ParentsBeing a good parent starts with having twain a mother and a father it takes deuce parents to have a child, so it takes two parents to raise a child. Being a good parent is to always love your kids unconditionally. Understanding your child is very helpful in being a good parent as well. Two parent households that have total involvement in a childs life, is the key to becoming a good parent.The start of good parenting begins with having both mother and father in the household. Raising a child is hard work, its even harder if you dont have uniform help. Moms and dad raising children together make this job a little easier. There is always someone with the child, who is familiar with the child and has a familial bond with the child as well. A child having both parents in the household give the child structure and stability. Kids function well when they have a consistent place to stay, have one set of rules and show that their parents love and support them.Part of being a good parent is to love your kids unconditionally. To love someone unconditionally is to love them regardless of what they do. Most kids do and say things that can flush it a parents heart. Whether i t be lying, larceny or misbehaving in school, children can (and will) do many things to make parents not like them at the moment. Good parenting involves letting a child know that they are displeased with their actions, but still showing them love throughout the disciplinary process. Having both parents, disciplining, while showing their kids compassion is an essential take leave of being a good parent.Understanding your child can be a great help to good parenting. Knowing your childs strengths and weaknesses will make parenting easier, through setting realistic goals for your children. If you as a parent have a quick temper and you see that your child displays the same characteristics, you can explain and teach them self control. If you know your child doesnt like to be around crowds, then you can better help them by not going to the circus. Understanding who they are, a parent can put their children in better situations, so they can roll into great adults. Oftentimes, parents w ho focus on a childs strengths and helps them where they are weak, produce children parents are proud of.Being a good parent isnt something that just happens. It takes work and dedication, trial and error. Good parents make mistakes and impress short of the mark as well. Good parents understand they need both parents there to effectively love and understand their children. Being totally mired in your childs life is the sign of good parenting and good parent.What it takes to be a good parent?Someone once told me that it takes a village to raise a child. After having four of my own children I have found this statement to be very true. Raising a child is without a doubt one of the most difficult jobs that a person can be trustworthy for. While there are many components that make up a good parent I believe love, patience, and stability are the most important.Love is a symbolic re recordation of a bond between a parent and child that forms when the screw up is an embryo. It is an emo tion that shows true affection for one another. Children are very bouncing in their young ages and can pick up on signals well. A child can sense when they are loved and also when they are being neglected. Love could possibly determine the path children will take. A child who is praised and comforted can cause them to excel in school because of the support system they have at place. On the other hand, a neglected childs results whitethorn have the opposite affect. It may be harder for them to excel in school if they do not have the positive reinforcement at home. Behavior, too, may have the same make on a loved versus neglected child. It is important to maintain compare between children no matter the age because kids can pick up on this easier than a parent.Patience is another hey factor in being a good parent. It is not always pleasant when dealing with children, especially through the toddler stage. As a mother of four I have learned that my children respond better when I am calm air and relaxed rather than mad and aggressive. Parents, too, must understand that they are the ones shaping their childs life. Children imitate what they see others do and if patience is not practiced in the household, there is a good possibility that the child will not be patient. I try to talk to my kids everyday to build a good relationship. assist with homework, asking how there day was, and what they learned builds our parent-child relationship.The environment that surrounds children plays a major(ip) part in a childs life. I feel that stability in the home can make or break you. There are several cases where kids do overcome obstacles in the home and become very successful in the future but for the most part stability makes it easier. Stability to me is not necessarily having both parents present or possession of a lot of money. A single mother or father who adequately provides the necessities for their family is considered stable in my opinion.Again, raising a child is one of the most difficult jobs a parent is responsible for. Its like an investment, it requires many deposits before you can see a profit. Having love, patience, and stability can help make a better parent as well as a better child.

Jfk Conspiracy Essay -- essays research papers

     The debate about Kennedys assassination has been mixed by worked up arguments array of conspiracy theories that try to explain why a best-selling(predicate) president was shot. I believe that President John F. Kennedys assassination in Dallas, Texas was a conspiracy. The U.S. Government has admitted that the American people have non been told the truth about the assassination.     The Committee on Assassinations believes that on the basis of leaven available to it, that President JFK was probably assassinated as a guide of a conspiracy. The committee also stated that is was unable to identify "the former(a) gunman" implying that the first gunman was Oswald, but they never verified him as one. One reason the extent of the conspiracy wasnt determined is because the financing for the investigation was suddenly cut. The conspirators did not want the committee to find out. soul that could cut of the funds to a government aided p roject closely have some authority.      Newly discovered documents reveal that George Bush was at a time involved in the murder. The document places Bush working with a instantaneously famous CIA agent, Felix Rodriguez. He claims that he quit the CIA in 1976, just by and by being sent to prison for his role in the Watergate burglary. According to scroll Stone however, Rodriguez still goes to the CIA headquarters monthly to receive assignments and have his docile 1987 bulletproof Cadillac service...

A Man For All Seasons Essays -- essays research papers

The 16th deoxycytidine monophosphate was a time of governmental upheaval, a time of conflict and corruption and a time of heroes? each these elements ar visibly present in bangs book, A Man for All Seasons. As I was reading this story I was thinking that it could belike apply to our day and age but that begged the question. why did Robert stiff decide to use a 16th century tone rather than a present time period character and mountain? I believe that Bolt chose this objet dart and his era because on that point things that he liked abut the cosmos, in that location was no shortage of conflict and the he was worthy of being a hero. He fits into one of the archetype heroes. These iii things I pass on touch upon in my seminar and I hope that my ideas will prove to be informative and enlightening. One of the main reasons that Robert Bolt probably chose 16th century Thomas to a greater extent as his hero for A Man for all Seasons was that he liked his personality. By that I imply that as Bolt wrote approximately More, he discovered to a greater extent and more things that he nominate admirable about the man. At the outset, Robert Bolt was looking for a person who had a strong idea of who he is because this is what Bolt thinks is necessary to be a hero and this is exactly the type of man that Thomas More is. More saw in himself something that was his only and he was that it was something that allowed him to live bread and butter with confidence in himself. Only when he was denied that focussing of life was he able to accept his fate of death. Robert Bolt comments on this on page 13 of the preface. who nevertheless found something in himself without which life was valueless and when that was denied him, he was able to grasp his death. This shows that Thomas knew that he had a esthesis of identity that no one else and he knew how important it was. subsequently Robert Bolt selected this man, he began to write and realised many more things about Th omas More, which had drawn him to the 16th century character. One of the things that Bolt found out was Mores sense of self. He remarks on this on page 12 of the preface. At any rate, Thomas More, as I wrote about him, became for me a man with an adamantine sense of his own self. Robert Bolt went back to this era long past because of that trait but it was as he wrote about him that he discovered just how strong his sense of identity was.B... ...e me, Alice, that in pipe down is my safety under the law, but my silence must be absolute, it must extend to you. (P56) He has found that so long he doesnt give any indication to his opinion, hey cannot do anything to him legally. MORE Therell be no trial, they constitute no case. (P85) When he is asking his family to leave the country, he knows that he has protected himself to the best of his abilities. He should be safe except for the fact that he is dealing with a corrupt King who considers himself above the law. Is there any way to do a play such as this in the 20th century? Evidently, Robert Bolt thought not and after analysing the story further, I sop up come to realise that he is right. The elements of the story, which were present in the 16th century, are not present in the 20th. There also may have been no one in this century that Robert Bolt liked enough and with the right characteristics. And of course, there is not enough conflict for one man to face as there was in that time. I believe that there are men (And women.) who would be able to face the problems that Thomas More had to face but we can all be thankful that there is no need for it.

Forrest Gump Essay -- Movie Film Forrest Gump Essays

Forrest Gump Life is like a box of chocolates, you never cheat what youre gonna get. Forrest Gump is the portrayal of a man that has been alienated from society, not because he is unintelligent or dimwitted, but quite because he is not certified by the conventional ideals which are embedded within his culture thus, Forrest challenges the conformities and principals that near people are accustomed to. The contrast that Robert Zemeckis, director of the film, is attempting to convey by dint of with(predicate) the character of Forrest Gump is how just about people are too smart for there own good and thus, try to escape the realities and actualities of life. While other characters in the story are suppressed by societys conflicts, Forrest stay blinded to all hence, he is able to live in the moment, rather than evading what is real. Forrests unique selflessness and compelled nature to do what is right, as opposed to what is easy, are what our society incorrectly labels stupidit y or futility. Zemeckis is obviously pointing come forth of the closet that an individual has no control over his or her own stack and in order to live a noble life, must apply life as it is.I think it is actually appropriate that Zemeckis begins his plastic film with the scene in which he does. Approaching Forrests worn out and dirty shoes with a fluid camera shot of a feather floating on the breeze foregrounds the entire painting. It is an obvious type for Forrrest and the way he just casually makes his way through the finish off of times without being harmed. The feather is some years old and has been through so oft, yet it still lodges clean and pure on the nose like Gump. Moreover, the coloring of the feather is very significant. It is white with black marks, interpret off a inkling that there might be a union of bad experiences with innocence. Zemeckis challenges the viewer to examine why Gump is able to remain so pure, and at the same time surpassing the restri ctions of society and its controversies. Gump is able, throughout his entire life to remain as we all are as children. To Gump, it doesnt make sense to break a promise, or give only ninety percent. Such an irony is carried throughout the entire film. Gump, public opinion by most to be incapable of succeeding, does great things, and moreover he helps those who would, in our society, be thought more likely to be aid him. The viewers, through Gumps misunderstandings of l... ...nt feather continues to float and so will that disoriented innocence.Even though Forrest Gump appears as such a simpleton, he is very complex. He had a way of looking at people, incidents, history, animals, and nature in ways that no one had ever quite seen the world before. The movie is so influential because Forrest is a little of everyone, or at least(prenominal) a little of what everyone wishes they can be. What I took away from this movie, as does most of the audience, is that life is a mystery that, un til revealed in its entirety, doesnt make much sense. However, it is not something to be scared from or run from, but rather something to be interested in and to be accepted. The audience accepts Gump as a character, but more importantly, they accept his way of life, just like lieutenant Dan and Jenny did.Robert Zemeckis is well known for his concoctions of pop culture references, period nostalgia, comedy, and coquette that captured the hearts of the film going public. He, in ways that not many others can do, is able to convey his ideas about life in a humorous manner that lets the audience accept it. That is why the movie was so successful and why it was the recipient of such high awards.