Cellphone

Spending six hours without my cellophane was a very difficult task for me because I have created an android dependency without being aware of it. I personally don't make too many calls; instead I use excessively the Watchstrap Application for free text messages, and what makes me dependent or attached to it is the feeling of being â€Å"connected† to my friends and family at any time.At first, It was frustrating, I went through the anxiety of finding it and turning It on but gladly I did not; the same kind of anxiety I have experienced in the past when I went too meeting and I had denuded touched my pocket to feel my mammals cellophane, only to find It minutes later In my purse. Then, told myself â€Å"It's going to be Just 6 hours, I can handle that, I will be okay†, and tried to concentrate on other matters. I am glad today that I was able to accomplish a lot of things without my cellophane and computer In those 6 hours.First, I got some homework done rather quickly: it took me no more than two hours to read four chapters of two different subjects, Archeology and American Politics. After that, I rote some basic ideas on a piece of paper in relation to an assignment I needed to do later. Then I went to the Supermarket and came back to my room, where I placed all the groceries in the kitchen and refrigerator. And finally, I went out for dinner at a local restaurant.Perhaps the most difficult task I had to adjust to without my cellophane was reading, because I have acquired in the last few years the bad habit of checking my cellophane constantly, especially when I felt bored or distracted. Nonetheless, I tried to incinerate on my reading, which was hard at the beginning, but as I kept doing it, the cellophane anxiety went away and I honestly felt really good with myself. After the 6 hours passed, I didn't felt the urgent necessity to run and turn the cellophane or the computer on.I confess that I am happily surprised that I was able to go about dur ing 6 hours of my day without my cellophane and computer, and engaged instead in very productive work. I am now convinced that I wouldn't have been able to finish my homework and other tasks In time with my cellophane or computer around. At the end of the day, I really felt relieved that I TLD have to be expecting anxiously at all times, as I had before, all the multiple notifications, e-mails and Watchstrap messages I normally receive on any day of my life.Cellophane By greenmailed have created an android dependency without being aware of it. I personally don't â€Å"connected† to my friends and family at any time. At first, it was frustrating, I went through the anxiety of finding it and turning it on but gladly I did not; the same kind of anxiety I have experienced in the past when I went to a meeting and I had denuded touched my pocket to feel my missing cellophane, only to find it minutes later in my purse.Then, I told myself â€Å"it's going to be Just 6 hours, I can h andle that, I will be okay', and lot of things without my cellophane and computer in those 6 hours. First, I got some homework done rather quickly; it took me no more than two hours to read four engaged instead in very productive work. I am now convinced that I wouldn't have been able to finish my homework and other tasks in time with my cellophane or computer around. At the end of the day, I really felt relieved that I didn't have to be

Coffee shop Essay

Studying the fundamental reasons why the proponents aim to establish a business coffee shop’. A coffee shop or cafeteria businesses are already popular worldwide, too many names, establishment and products. Almost every coffee shop businesses stay long because of satisfying income. How about innovation to this business that have a risk but can probably maximize profit. Mobile coffee shops that acquired equipments that almost within a vehicle that travels to different places is definitely unique and new that’s why it is feasible. The proponents are aiming to study the reasons this business should be implemented and figured out a solution to all the problems that may encounter to the research. These are some reasons and problems: 1. An innovation should have a perfect research before implementing and it is bit difficult to introduce to the mass market. 2. Risky is involved because it can easily bump by other cars that it may destroy the vehicle full of machineries and high value assets and equipment that can probably explode. 3. Implementing is one of the hardest part because it has a lot of process and there were only few high-ways to trip, also it has limited places to go like traveling at the urban areas and primary highways. 4. Supply of coffee beans can be also limited, Benguet, the province itself produce supply of resources wherein the harvest is by season. 5. The weather of course can cause the profit loss especially here in Benguet where rainy season is mostly half-year. I. Project Summary I. 1 NAME OF THE BUSINESS â€Å" Clique Mobile Cafe Clique is the proposed name of the business because it’s a converted vehicle that in just one click it is transformed into a business mobile and it has Wi-Fi. In addition, ‘mobile’, as the word itself, it can travel to one place to another while the mobile itself is the kitchen. I. 2 BUSINESS LOGO I. 3 LOCATION Burnham Park Baguio City, Benguet I. 4 DESCRIPTIVE DEFINITION OF THE PROJECT Clique Cafe is a coffee shop that serves not only beverages but includes food, bread and pastry products. It has small kitchen, machineries in making coffee and pastry products and a small portable comfort room. The dining is an open area just outside around the vehicle wherein all the tables and chairs are portable including the tabernacles and tent that covers the place. It has a dimension of 21ft x 9ft x 9ft. It’s a food and beverage business which the main product is coffee. It travels to different places where people usually hang-out. Clique Cafe serves some beverages such as herbal tea, hot and cold Choco coffee. I. 5 VISION AND MISSION Vision: We aim to travel nationwide to provide the best quality coffee and bread for breakfast in every Filipino household that can purchase our most affordable product. We intend to promote tourism and make our own trademark name of coffee product that positions ourselves as premier coffee shop nationwide. Mission: To provide the best quality and most satisfying offer product with high standard services. To continuously promote teamwork and excellence in our establishment and provide a good environmental relationship between our employees and customers. I. 6 Objective There are two main products we aim to provide to our market. Our cafe will establish the commonly used style of coffee which is serving coffee and bread. But we want to make name for our own product. We aim in making our very own unique taste for our products that our market would want to have. We strongly believe that this would be possible by the aid of using indigenous raw product we have in Baguio. Being a city located in the Benguet Province, the province mainly produces harvest of coffee beans that have quality which can compete with its own flavor. This flavor is what we want to introduce in the mass market. The Province also is the main provider of fresh vegetables and fruits that our cafe can make use of in producing breads. We will able to make recipes from these indigenous products. These are the product that Clique Mobile Cafe would be proud of and carry under its brand. Clique Mobile Cafe goal is to satisfy our customer by the unique products with the very best of goods and services that we can offer. And we want our business and product will known all over the world. I. 7 History †¢Coffee History The history of coffee goes at least as far back as the thirteenth century with a number of myths surrounding its first use. The original native population of coffee is thought to have come from East Africa specifically to Ethiopia, and it was first cultivated by Arabs from the 14th century. The earliest credible evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree appears in the middle of the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen. By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, Persia, Turkey and northern Africa. Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia and then to the Americas. †¢Coffee shop History Coffeehouse and coffee shop are related terms for an establishment which primarily serves prepared coffee and other hot beverages. Cafe or cafe or c aff may refer to a coffeehouse, bar, tea room, small and cheap restaurant, transport cafe, or other casual eating and drinking place, depending on the culture. A coffeehouse may share some of the same characteristics of a bar or restaurant, but it is different from a c afeteria. As the name suggests, coffeehouses focus on providing c offee and tea as well as light snacks. Many coffee houses in the Middle East, and in West Asian immigrant districts in the Western world, offer shisha (nargile in Turkish and Greek), flavored tobacco smoked through a hookah. Espresso barsare a type of coffeehouse that specializes in serving espresso and espresso-based drinks. II. MANAGEMENT ASPECT BUSINESS ORGANIZATION A business organization is an individual or group of people that collaborate to achieve certain commercial goals. Some business organizations are formed to earn income for owners. Other business organizations, called nonprofits, are formed for public purposes. These businesses often raise money and utilize other resources to provide or support public programs. 2. 1 Partnership Partnership is a business organization in which two or more individuals manage and operate the business. Both owners are equally and personally liable for the debts from the business. Therefore the proponents will adopt the Partnership form of business. The proponents chose partnership because it’s not big and broad as a corporation and the capital is lesser than a larger business. The proposed project is easily managed by two or more people or the owners itself. ?Rules and Guidelines of Partnership One of the potential drawbacks of a partnership is that the other partners are bound to contracts signed by each other on behalf of the partnership. Choosing partners you can trust, and who are savvy, is critical. †¢Making Money Making money is the first rule because it is the biggest impetus for any deal. The deals that actually get done are the ones that can prove their worth. Companies often have a minimum monetary threshold, but if you can prove that a lucrative alliance can be made, then you should be in discussion about working together. †¢Naming Business Naming business partnership is actually a very important step in creating partnership agreement because it formally establishes the business entity for legal purposes. All documents referring to the partnership should use the partnership’s name, once you and your business partners register it. †¢Contribution to Partnership A partnership agreement must include the capital or property each of the partners is investing in the company. The agreement should also include what roles each partner will be performing when the business is operational, including managerial capacities and who controls the day-to-day operation of the business. The partners dedicate resources such as financial, technical, staff and reputational toward achieving agreed objectives over time. They also establish a new organization with shared governance and a management unit to deliver these activities. Partners don’t draw a salary and share profits and losses equally. Partners have a duty of loyalty to the other partners and must not enrich themselves at the expense of the partnership, and also have a duty to provide financial accounting to the other partners. †¢Allocating Profits and Losses Allocating profits and losses is a key element of company’s partnership agreement. This section of agreement determines how much money each partner stands to make, including what percentage of profit each member may receive, as well as what percentage of business losses each partner must absorb. It’s usually illegal to create a partnership agreement that assigns a higher percentage liability to a partner than the partner originally invested in the company. Keeping responsibility for losses commensurate with each partner’s percentage investment should preserve the legal integrity of the document. †¢Determining Partnership Authority Without specific language detailing each partner’s authority in the business, any partner can force the entire company into a binding legal agreement without the consent of your other partners. Clearly defining each partner’s power within the company to enter into binding agreements keeps the partnership from spreading itself too thin and making bad business decisions. This rule can also put a system in place for the partnership to make business decisions, including rules on voting and obtaining partner consent. The other rules would be found in a written partnership agreement. Such an agreement could outline procedures for making major business decisions, how profits and losses will be split, and how much control each partner maintains. 2. 2 Owner of the Business Clique mobile cafe is owned by Mr. John Ericson P. Amistad and Ahldrin L. Abellera. 2. 3 Organizational Chart MANAGER BARISTA BAKING CHEF SOUSE CHEF CASHIER WAITER/WAITRESS MAINTENANCE.

Emotional Reaction Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Emotional Reaction - Term Paper Example The structure of the story revolves round the interaction between Bartleby and the Narrator. While the story focuses on Bartleby’s perplexing character and the events leading to his tragic death, the character of the Narrator occupies a central place in the tale. The Narrator exerts a strong appeal on the reader. The reader emotionally identifies with the Narrator in his harmless complacence, his attempts to avoid open conflict and his deep sympathy towards Bartleby. The Narrator makes his appearance as a moderately successful lawyer, who complacently goes about his routine business on Wall Street. It is easy for the reader to identify with his tone of gentle â€Å"self-deprecation† and his â€Å"conservative, cautious and prudent† personality (Sanderlin, 50). He frankly declares the â€Å"profound conviction that the easiest way of life is the best† (Melville, 3). He is unambitious, a little snobbish (as indicated by the name-dropping of ‘John Jacob Aster’) and even-tempered. He is content to make money in his profession and to remain ensconced in his simple office, which he describes as â€Å"the cool tranquility of a snug retreat† (Melville, 3). The reader is willing to approve of his attitude towards life. Even if one could accuse the Narrator of smugness and of being â€Å"the complacent storyteller (who) begins by congratulating himself in his estimable character and circumstances† (Stempel a nd Stillians, 274), he comes across as eminently likeable. He is willing to poke fun at himself. He is also willing to tolerate Turkey with his â€Å"flighty recklessness,† (Melville, 6) blotted documents, split pens, upset sand-box and fits of insolence. Nipper’s suspicious visitors and fiery temper is also taken in his stride. He cannot deny any â€Å"appeal to my fellow-feeling† (Melville, 10). The Narrator is a sound man, who is content with his profession and the placid unfolding of his days. The reader develops a comradeship with him

Management Functions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Functions - Case Study Example Case Study Management functions can be stated as a set of core and most essential elements for various organizations that not only enable them to achieve their desired business goals but also facilitate in building long-term sustainability in the competitive environment. The set of an effective management functions comprises four fundamental elements that include controlling, planning, organizing along with leading (Rutter, 2003). With reference to the major attributes of management functions, this paper intends to present a series of recommendations to Amanda Smith (Amanda) in response to the concerns identified from the case. Brief Overview of the Case Amanda Smith (Amanda) had started a new small sized accounting firm named â€Å"Smith's Accounting and Tax Service† after she got six years of experience through working in a renowned accounting firm. As the intention of Amanda is to conduct own business within the community, she opened her accounting firm by engaging one empl oyee named Lisa. At the starting face of the business, Amanda has developed a mission statement along with a strategy for her business. The mission statement of Smith’s Accounting and Tax Service was to ensure the deliverance of adequate accounting and tax services to the small business owners within community. However, the organization has faced certain challenges due to its inappropriate management and control process. Owing to this context, it has been recognized that lack of planning can be considered as one of the major factors that led the firm to face different concerns related to its accounting services. The ineffective management of operational processes such as maintaining records of the tax returns for such a small accounting firm can also be viewed to generate greater risks. The issue concerning employment layoff has also been witnessed in the case due to certain errors in the accounting work prepared by the employees of the firm. Recommendations to Amanda in Resp onse to the above identified Concerns In relation to the fundamental concept of management, there are basically four functions that ensure to provide adequate support to the organizations in efficiently obtaining their predetermined business targets. In this regard, an effective set of management functions comprise four major and most essential elements such as controlling, planning, organizing along with leading that supports the organizations to sustain in this competitive landscape (Morgeson, DeRue, & Karam, 2010). According to the case scenario, the inappropriate planning of conducting operational procedures along with incorrect setting of organizational goals have eventually contributed in creating problems for Amanda and her firm. In relation to the case of Amanda, inappropriate execution of the organizing functions including personnel management can be duly considered as the major aspect hindering to generate positive outcomes for her company by a certain degree. Moreover, it can be stated that the inadequate organizing process of the firm has further witnessed to prioritize the importance of recruitment, job design and descriptions along with delivering proper training to the staffs. It can also be apparently observed that lack of motivational skills has also negatively impact on the overall performance of Amanda and her firm at large. In this context, the leadership functions of Amanda could focus on making effective decisions which could enable the organization to develop its operational and managerial activities towards the accomplishment of organizational

Group dynamics and working in teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Group dynamics and working in teams - Essay Example Next, Tuckman requires that each group member must act in a manner that will ensure achievement of group goals or objectives (King, 2013). Specifically, the Tuckman theory of group dynamics focuses on five phases (Connell, 2009). Bruce Tuckman coined the term in his honor. Tuckman emphasized that five phases must be procedurally implemented in order to generated quality group output. The first Tuckman phase is forming. The phase indicates each team member tries to be accepted in the team. The members start forming the team. Team formation includes determining the functions or responsibilities of each team member (Forsyth, 2009). In the current home care working group, the team leader explains in detail the responsibilities of each team member. Each team member focuses on understanding the assigned tasks. The group members exchange pleasantries in order to get to know each other better. Consequently, the group members discuss their educational attainments, work experiences and other ice breaker topics (Clements, 2008). Further, the second Tuckman phase is storming. The phase requires tolerance among the team emphasized. Tolerance is required in order to diffuse any conflicts among the team members. As each member tries to impose one’s ideology or concept on the other team members, conflicts often arise. Tolerance means meeting halfway. There is a give and take of concepts or ideologies. Failure to tolerate the other group members’ persistent requirements or preferences may trigger a disintegration or dismemberment of the group (Schweighofer, 2011). In the current home care working group, each team member is encouraged to discuss one’s responsibilities. There is a no holds barred policy implemented. The three shift nurses discuss the required daily healthcare procedures, in terms of alleviating the hypertensive elderly patient’s well-being. Consequently, the three home care workers and

Service Learning (SL) Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service Learning (SL) Paper - Essay Example ir environment is a morale booster since they know that the government or some institution ( in this case DHA) is attuned to their needs as human beings. The history of DHA has come a long way surviving the war and even some lawsuits that fought for the upliftment of living conditions in these communities. Today, the DHA is a model agency and has contributed to the improved living conditions of low-income earners since they can choose from among the 12,000 units available. Most of DHA’s efforts were geared towards community building as it established partnerships with YMCA, hospitals and daycare-centers that can support the community. In fact, it is the first public housing authority that rehabilitated a shopping center which is really remarkable. By doing so, people who are in the DHA program believe in the intentions of the agency for their well-being which is crucial in earning public trust and credibility. If a country has good agencies, then citizens would be satisfied. The Housing Authority of the City of Dallas, Texas (DHA) provides quality, affordable housing to low-income families and individuals through the effective and efficient administration of housing assistance programs; and by creating and cultivating opportunities for program participants to achieve self-sufficiency and economic independence. This is the reason why I volunteered for this program. When I was younger, I had friends from poor communities whose homes were the typical run-down buildings that were not only unsafe, unsanitary but degrading for a human being to inhabit. It always bothered me to think about people living in the cold streets or in some obscure neighborhood that threatened his health, security and even sanity. I believe that I could make a difference by volunteering into this agency and feel relieved that I was able to help in my own little way to people who searched for decent homes. The target market of this agency are people who are between low-income to

Salome opera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Salome opera - Essay Example The modern humanity is willing to take a step forward in a quest for self actualization and realization, by daring to deny and if possible distort that which is considered to be natural, regular, decent and moral, to realize what is innate, primitive, irrepressible and essential. The plots of the Salome Opera and The Skin I Live In tend to portray such modern trends and inclinations. In Opera Salome, Salome confined in the domains of the sultry and incestuous house of Herod, tends to suffer in the depths of her soul to express something that is the natural aspect of her body and identity and which in its search for satisfaction and expression, does not need to be degraded and sullied in a garb of abject sultriness, as was being done by Herod and Herodias. Hence, in order to protect her sexuality and identity from the incestuous gaze of Herod and from the traditional constraints symbolized by squabbling Jews, she escapes into the courtyard, where she first comes across Prophet Jochanaan, who irrespective of his chastity and ascetic profile, offered a scope for an honest expression of love and sexuality (Seshadri 32). Hence surrounded in the mire of depraved and spoiled atmosphere around her, Salome opts for a rebelliously frank and naked quenching of her love and the affiliated sexual and sensual instincts, by choosing to kiss the lips of Jochanaan’s sever ed head. In a somewhat similar manner, Robert Ledgard the stylish and influential plastic surgeon in The Skin I live In, played by Antonio Banderas, though performs a sex reassignment surgery on his beautiful and volatile captive, professedly with revengeful motives, yet at a deeper level, he is engaged in a more sensual and carnal pursuit, by violating the domains of nature, to challenge that what has hitherto been considered to be unnatural, unethical and perhaps insane (French: Online). While doing so, Robert starkly resembles Salome in his modern panache

The purpose and effectiveness of police patrol Term Paper

The purpose and effectiveness of police patrol - Term Paper Example Ingram, as well as â€Å"Measuring Crime: Police Statistics and Victimisation Surveys,† by Philippe Robert, Renee Zauberman, Marie-Lys Pottier, and Hugues Lagrange. Both were located in online library journals. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the purpose and effectiveness of police patrol. This article discusses certain types of behaviors that police officers have been noted to exhibit throughout many different studies. This particular article differs from others of its type in that it focuses on place. This means that the author of this particular author was curious about how location affected the behavior of officers. In this context, behavior can be defined as what the officer chose to do when observing a citizen breaking the law, from issuing a citation all the way up to making a formal arrest (Ingram 2007) This article goes far beyond previous studies that covered the influence of merely situational types of factors on the behavior of police officers. Rather, this article claims that an overall more contextualized framework is now needed in order to study law enforcement tasks. â€Å"Using multilevel and spatial modeling procedures, the current study examined the role that both immediate and surrounding neighborhood characteristics played on citation issuance within a large, metropolitan department. Findings indicated that neighborhood structural characteristics were significantly related to the number of citations written during traffic encounters, independent of situational factors† (Ingram, 2007, pg. 371). This article takes a look at numbers and trends related to police statistics and victimization. According to the authors, â€Å"A conflict may now be arising between citizens and the State around the issue of crime. There clearly seems to be a yawning gap between the actions taken by the authorities and the expectations of citizens. Personal safety and the protection of property

Puffin Parcel Group Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Puffin Parcel Group - Case Study Example Andre’s vision for Puffin Parcel Group (PPG) will herald a number of changes on the previous business processes in order for the people and structure to be suited to the new business strategies. Given that PPG has over the past decade operated a reliable service to local businesses in Manchester, the processes must be transformed to accommodate the expansion to other platforms. Expansion to the home delivery and returns market increases the complexity of business processes in PPG. Whereas the employees were used to working in a system that only supported collection and delivery to and from local businesses, they will now incorporate home delivery and collection to the business processes. This might also translate into a need for PPG to absorb some of the drivers on casual contract into its network of permanent full-time drivers. Having an online presence will have significant impact on PPG due to the impact of e-commerce on sales and marketing efforts. Liang (2010) notes the internet performs a number of significant functions, which improves efficiency in areas of operations such as information acquisition, organization, processing, storage and transfer. However, for the business to enjoy success brought about by these changes, the management should introduce changes targeting payment systems and logistic, which promotes innovations. These platforms means that although PPG does not open physical offices in other regions, its presence will expand to reach to national and also adds to potential exploitation of international customers. Among the areas that will change  is time of business operation. Online business will make it necessary for PPG to adopt a 24/7 business operation to fully capitalize on existing markets.  

Human Resource Management methods. Examples Essay

Human Resource Management methods. Examples - Essay Example Similarly, rather than investing money on training money firms are coming up with innovative methods to boost the productivity of their employees. These methods are by giving your employees good working condition, giving them better machinery to work with, increase supervision through the use of modern technology like CCTV, giving them chance of recreational activities and by creating better information flow networks. This is to evaluate the proposed training session on the directive of managing director according to the letter which HR department received on 12 April 2007. The reference number for this letter was "xHRMD". We will evaluate this training session under following techniques: As I told you in our meeting that training and development represent a planned effort by an organization to facilitate its employees learning new job related behaviors. Training usually involves involve two things, a) it involves teaching how to do their job efficiently that is taking less times in the tasks they do, and b) it involves teaching the employees skills necessary not only for present job but also to prepare them for future jobs. However, as managing director has said that the training session is going to improve the morale of the company, this may be wrong as training session might not improve the morale of the employees as many business managers believe that it is nothing but rewards that improve the motivation level of the employees.1 Motivation basically is the when employees are feeling happy and are satisfied with their jobs. The MD of the company might argue that when employees know how to do their work well they may be happy and satisfied. But the argument given b y the managing director might not always be right. Suppose, the employees are working in their present job from decades and know each every thing about the job and know how to do their job well, so one might say that teaching them might not motivate them. However, what will motivate them in the current scenario is good pay or financial security, job security and other needs as suggested by one of the management guru Maslow. Maslow argued that there are levels of motivation and after each level is fulfilled there is a need to fulfill another one to motivate the workers. Suppose, when a person joins the work, at that time he will not have that much money and might need more money to build property and life. At that point, he believes, that money will be the best motivator. You pay your workers well and they will be motivated. Once he has achieved the level of financial security he'll move on to the other level. Now he might want job security i-e he will not want promotion in job and k nowing that he will not be fired. Now these factors will become his motivating

Creating a sense of community Essay Example for Free

Creating a sense of community Essay Introduction Organizations, leaders and employees often need to be commended on a job well done and celebrate it with some exceptional time off from work. This is a positive step for the organization because it not only shows appreciation for those individuals who come to work every day to make sure that their organization achieve all of its goals, but illustrates the organizations appreciation for it valuable staff and employees. This can be done by simply honoring most federal and calendar year holidays throughout the year, company holidays including time off for birthdays and banquet celebrations as well. In addition, on a dismal note, sometimes an organization may have to honor its employees and staff for tragic circumstances that may occur throughout the year. Celebrating the community is key for an organization in terms of keeping their employees motivated and excited about giving their best effort on each task at hand. Kouzes Posner mentions that celebrations serve as important a purpose in the long-term of an organization as does the daily performance of tasks ( Kouzes Posner, p.310, 2013). Celebrating the community serves as a medicine that brings an organizations and its employees together in each prospective shared values and commitments. Overview of community building practices Kouzes Posner states that In acknowledging the community (†common unity†) that individuals share with each other, a sense of team spirit is created among leaders who build and maintain the social support that is required for individuals to thrive and excel during tough times ( Kouzes   Posner, p.310, 2013). Organizations must have in place an supportive structure that will support the employees and enhance their opportunities for appreciation for their hard work. Communities that have a strong commitment for connecting celebrations, community and commitment will set themselves far above average organizations. An outstanding leader who has made the vow to help renew those employees’ commitments will be headed in a positive direction. This approach will serve as a motivational and retention tool for the leaders and organization. Organizations should commit themselves on building fun activities and socials that are fitted for those employees, it’s a celebration of appreciation and respect. Celebrating those outstanding deeds that each employee exemplified should not be kept in house. The good news should be shared with the community, the public. Kouzes Posner suggest that private rewards do little to set an example for the organization ( Kouzes Posner, p.313, 2013). However, having the opportunity to share someone’s story of success is worth celebrating and it will also highlight the individual and the organization in a positive manner. Organizations that connect celebration, community and commitment for the long haul will undoubtedly be successful. Organizations that ensure that their employees understand that they are part of the big picture know that shared values, destiny and victories are important to securing a sense of community. Leaders should make sure that all employees have the opportunity to play a functional role in the celebrations and the framework that support the organizations values. Celebrations can come in all forms such as cyclical celebrations, celebrations of triumph, personal transitions, workplace altruism, events and ritual for comfort and letting go. Not every celebration is upbeat and enjoyable. There are times when a employee may have a sick family member or even suffered a loss of a loved one. Author Colleen Young mentioneds that in ttoday’s organization, the fledgling, but active, community continues to grow, providing peer-to-peer support and information for a very specific point in the health continuum, namely for people living with life-threatening disease, for friends and family who care about and for them, and for people dealing with grief and loss (Young, C. 2013). Different cultures There are many different cultures all around the world that handle  their employees differently. Individuals take time to celebrate their prospective cultures that have a particular meaning for them. Leaders that do not implement group interactions or celebrations could lack the reinforcement of a common purpose for different cultures. The organization have to get involved in each culture collaboration. The cultures in communities are many, such as the Chinese community which is the largest and the fastest growing group among Asian and Pacific Islander populations. It also has many different dialects that a leader and organization must understand. Furthermore, there’s the African American Community and the Central American Community. The African American Community has a group history of oppression and survival also affects the way it is organized. The networks and organizations that form to protect the rights of their members influence the way in which members of the group organize for self-help. It is important for an organization to know about their history and celebrated it accordingly. Lastly, there is the Central Americans who fled from poverty and oppression in their countries to seek a more secure and better life in a new place here in the United States. Challenges that leaders face in respecting the cultural differences Some of the challenges that a leader may encounter are not knowing the unknown and how to deal with tension among the groups when resources are limited. Another challenging situation that will likely to confront the leader is struggling with immigrants whose culture, institution and tradition are not readily familiar to most mainstream groups. Some of those cultures may not have community groups with leaders. Therefore, there is no organization or guidance. Culture typically refers to a set of symbols, rituals, values, and beliefs that make one group different from another. Culture is learned and shared with people who live or lived in the same social environment for a long time. Provide best practices for overcoming these challenges There are several best practices that can help the leader to overcome those cultural challenges. Kouzes Posner discusses that Reflection and Action can help when social interactions required to uphold individuals or groups to a high standard. People are asked to go beyond their comfort zone, so as a leader you should set the example by getting personally involved in the celebrations of varies cultures ( Kouzes Posner, p.329, 2013). Some other  best practices may include Plan a celebration today, reinforce core values in your celebrations. A leader need to start the celebration right now and don’t procrastinate. Understanding those cultures now will make for a better transition of understanding. Lastly, a leader should understand the cultures values and what they aspire to realize ( Kouzes Posner, p.331, 2013). Being innovative and obtaining values and loyalty are key factors that will enable a leader to be successful in dealing with multiple cultures. SDLP I will implement my understanding of connecting celebration, community and commitment to my professional career. I have a clearer picture of how to bond and recognize those employees who work hard and treat them like an individual should be treated. I will go a step further in implementing a framework that will celebrate the key values of my staff when they go the extra mile to achieve their goals. My commitment to them will highlight and reward them not just internally, but publically as well. I know that this will be a motivation tool that can help shape the future of me as a leader and my organization. I will document my newly found knowledge of celebrating a community in my SDLP.

Difference Between Ground Level And Stratospheric Ozone Environmental Sciences Essay

Difference Between Ground Level And Stratospheric Ozone Environmental Sciences Essay Why has one a beneficial and the other a detrimental role in the atmosphere? This essay is going to explain the difference between ground-level and stratospheric ozone; why has one a beneficial and the other a detrimental role in the atmosphere. The troposphere is the lowest layer of the earths atmosphere (Figure 1). It starts at the earths surface extending to a height between 7 and 20km above sea level. The troposphere is the thickest part of the atmosphere in which around 75-80% of atmospheric mass is located. As altitude increases through the troposphere, temperature, air pressure and density of the air decrease. The troposphere is heated from the earths surface; sunlight warms the ground or ocean and in turn, heats the air around which rises into the troposphere. On average the temperature drops around 6.5 degrees Celsius per km as altitude increases. At the top of the stratosphere, temperatures can reach a low of -55 degrees Celsius. As shown in figure 1 there is a layer between the troposphere and the stratosphere this is called the Tropopause, a boundary between the two layers. The altitude of the Tropopause varies with latitude, season, weather and time of day. At mid level latitudes the typical height of the Tropop ause is around 11km whilst near the poles it can drop to a low of 7km. The lowest part of the troposphere is known as the atmospheric boundary layer which is affected by the earths surface, an example of this can be the wind being affected by hitting a mountain. In the polar regions just below the Tropopause is a jet stream which is defined as a belt of powerful upper-level winds that sits atop the polar front (Britannica 2010) (Figure 1 ACCU Weather 2009)http://global-warming.accuweather.com/stratosphere_diagram_sm-thumb.jpg Ozone (O3) is a form of oxygen containing 3 molecules, usually found in the stratosphere, and responsible for filtering the suns ultraviolet radiation (Null, J 2003). Figure 2 shows the levels on ozone present in the earths atmosphere. (Figure 2 NASA 1999) File:Atmospheric ozone.svg According to NASA 10% of ozone (O3) in the atmosphere is found in the troposphere. Ozone in the troposphere is unwanted. Ozone can be found in low concentrations at ground-level. Ground level ozone and stratospheric ozone are two key sources of natural ozone. Ground level ozone are hydrocarbons which are released by soil and plants, whereas stratospheric ozone which rarely migrates downwards to the earths surface. These two natural sources do not give enough ozone to be thought of as a threat to life and the environment. With growing populations, increased transport and high industry has increased the ozone levels in the lower atmosphere. Ozone cannot be traced by coming directly from one source as it is formed by contact between the suns UV rays and hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides which can be traced back to transport, fossil fuels, power plants and other industries. It can be referred to as ozone pollution or Smog. In urban areas its known as photochemical smog (Figure 3 Environmental Science 2010) http://apesnature.homestead.com/files/fg22_04b.jpg Ozone is a key element traced in smog and as a powerful greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases are a part of the atmosphere; they are both natural and created from human activity. These gases emit radiation within range thermal infrared radiation which is emitted from the earths surface, the atmosphere and clouds. This causes the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is when sunlight reaches the earths surface and is reflected back into the atmosphere, but it is prevented from escaping by the layer of greenhouse gasses, this in turn heats the atmosphere causing a rise in the earths surface temperature. The rise in temperature causes ice caps to melt, raising sea levels. The four major gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect and their percentage contribution are: Water Vapour, 36-70%, Carbon Dioxide, 9-26%, Methane, 4-9% and Ozone, 3-7%. (Kiehl J, 2003) Ozone levels are found at its peak during the summer months and are usually highest in built up areas. Concentrations are at its highest during the afternoon as the UV rays have had time to react. This causes ozone pollution. Ozone pollution has many negative effects on human life, vegetation and the environment. It can cause health problems such as chest infections, breathing problems, headaches, eye irritation and aggravate pre existing conditions such as asthma, heart disease, bronchitis and emphysema. Ozone pollution according to SEQL damages leaves and crops, which reduce crop production and quality, The United Nations Environment programme estimated a loss of $8.56 billion worth in crops in the European Union in 2000(UNEP 2007) Buildings and decorating materials can be weakened or damaged and paint can fade faster than anticipated. The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere from the earths surface (Figure 1). The stratosphere rises to around 50km above sea level. The lowest part of the stratosphere varies depending on the latitude and the season. It differs at around 8 16km near the equator, around 10km at the mid latitudes and 8km near the poles. The air within the stratosphere is dry and contains small amounts of water vapour. The air within the stratosphere is around a thousand times thinner than that at sea level. Due the lack of vertical convection within the stratosphere, compounds can stay for long periods of time which breaks down the ozone layer. About 90% of the ozone in the earths atmosphere is located in the stratosphere, which is between 15 and 50km above the earths surface. The ozone in the stratosphere forms a layer called the Ozone Layer. This is where oxygen (O2) and Ozone (O3) molecules absorb UV light from the sun protecting the earths surface from UV radiation. Both oxygen and ozone combined absorb between 95 99.9% of the suns UV radiation. Without them UV radiation such as UV-C and UV-B can cause skin cancer and damage eye and plant tissue. The Ozone Layer is being destroyed by chemicals released by humans. An example of this is Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the Green House Gases which break down the ozone in the stratosphere. Figure 4 that the level that the ozone is having on the stratosphere and the troposphere. It shows that the levels of ozone have been reduced in the stratosphere and the levels of ozone have increased. (Figure 4 Institute for Chemistry) seperated ozone trends To conclude, this essay shows that ground level ozone has a detrimental effect of the earths atmosphere as it causes health problems or aggravates pre-existing problems, damage to natural vegetation, crops and buildings and the environment. It is not ozone itself that damages the earths atmosphere but the interactions between the suns UV rays and hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides within the troposphere. Whereas stratospheric ozone has a beneficial role to play in the atmosphere. Stratospheric ozone is beneficial to the earths atmosphere as it absorbs UV radiation which prevents health problems such as skin cancer. Bibliography Guy, P, John J, Geoffrey, S. (1999). Tropospheric Ozone. In Birks, W Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 465-486 Guy, P, John J, Geoffrey, S. (1999). Middle Atmospheric Ozone. In Birks, W Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 487-513 NAS. (2001).  Ozone Layer.  Available: http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/Ozone/ozonelayer.html. Last accessed 02/03/2010 RSPB. (2001) The Greenhouse Effect. Available: www.rspb.org.uk/ourwork/teaching/resources/science/greenhouse_effect.asp Last accessed 3/03/2010

Case Analysis Of Ethical Conduct

Case Analysis Of Ethical Conduct The nonprofit hospital has the duty to provide healthcare to its poor and indigent citizens. They charge these patients list prices for their healthcare services. This subgroup of the population functions without the security of healthcare benefits and is expected to pay the highest prices for their care. The hospitals that operate as their areas not for profit facility accepts tax dollars to support its operations and to provide charity care within the community. This seemingly contradictory situation becomes the ethical dilemma that faces this nation. Why are the not for profit hospitals permitted to charge the full price of healthcare services to the uninsured, and then pursue aggressive collection tactics to collect for the services? Part of the requirement of the not for profit hospitals is to provide substantial charity care to their needy population sector. The rewards for this charity care are the tax-exempt status the facility enjoys on its revenues and the ability to issue municipal bonds for capital improvements. The refusal to provide these services or to use abusive collection tactics may lead to the revocation of their tax-exempt status. Class action lawsuits have resulted in accusing nonprofit hospitals with excessively charging uninsured patients more than insured patients and utilizing questionable collection tactics. The recent result of the class action case against Resurrection Health Care Hospitals forced them to change their billing structure, reduce charges to all uninsured, and provide charitable financial assistance to patients to pay hospital charges (Clifford Law Offices, 2009). The potential 220,000 claimants will be able to have bills recalculated and receive refunds if over paid based on the new formula (Clifford Law Offices, 2009). The facility must discount hospital bills for the uninsured and provide the highest discount to those with limited funds. The assistance program limits the amount of the bill to no more than 10 percent of the patients income (Clifford Law Offices, 2009). The hospital is prohibited from placing a lean on the patients home to collect payments. These strategies give the unins ured a discount more in line with their ability to pay and are reflective of a charity care hospital. The Provena Covenant, a 270 bed hospital in Illinois, recently lost their tax exempt status when it was determined that their collection tactics were questionable (Richmond Smith, 2005). The Illinois Department of Revenue considered the facility as not charitable as a result of these practices (Richmond Smith, 2005). The Senate Finance Committee proposed legislation that would mandate nonprofit hospitals to specific levels of charity care in order to retain its tax exempt status (Schroeder, 2009). They would be required to conduct a periodic needs analysis, follow established processes for bill collections, and will not refuse care due to a patients indigent status (Schroeder, 2009). The goal of The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act is to eliminate the actions of the abusive tactics utilized by debt collectors and to protect the consumer. Several Congressional findings have provided the basis for this enactment. There is evidence that these practices are a contributing factor to personal bankruptcies, loss of jobs, marital problems, and privacy invasions (FTC, 2006). They determined that the existing laws do not adequately protect the consumer from the bill collectors abusive practices (FTC, 2006). The debt collection process can be effective without the adoption of abusive or humiliating tactics (FTC, 2006). Recent research has indicated that employees that exhibit Machiavellian characteristics tend to agree with these questionable situations (Richmond Smith, 2005). Employees that have adopted this Machiavellian personality are impersonal, rational, and strategy focused. The possibility of handling collection procedures unethically may result. The nonprofit hospital is at risk of loosing its tax exempt status from the unethical decision making processes with employees that demonstrate these traits. They demonstrate that the low Mach may benefit the billing collection process. The low Mach is subject to social influence, focuses on the person, and accepts and follows direction (Richmond Smith, 2005). The ability of employees to show empathy with the patients would support an ethical work environment. The assignment of the appropriate discount for healthcare services for the poor or indigent patient results in the alignment of their ability to pay their bills. The adoption of higher discounts and financial assistance for the low income patient is the ethically responsible strategy for nonprofit hospitals. The strategies to create ethical behavior should include: a code of ethics, compliance program, customer complaint line, and employee training programs. The creation of an ethical work environment will promote the actions of employees to be more empathetic to their patients, thereby fulfilling the nonprofits mission of charity care. Case II: Westwood Imaging Centers The physician self referral (Stark Law) and the anti-kickback statutes are important provisions for managing potential fraud and abuse of physicians. The substantial financial incentives associated with diagnostic imaging have made them highly subject to abuse. The Westwood Imaging Centers has offered a flat rate per scan for referrals from physicians. The physician is then responsible for billing the Medicare, Medicaid, or the third party payer. Westwood has proposed to refer to the arrangement as a per use, nonrecurring lease agreement. This agreement is attempting to qualify for an exception that allows a physician to self refer if the both the equipment and procedure is conducted in the doctors office. This deal brings up the question about the legality of the self-referral to Westwood and its ethical implications. The Stark Law (I, II, and III) is the provision that governs the self-referral activities of physicians. It is illegal for a physician to refer a patient to a facility in which he or an immediate family member has a financial interest or compensation arrangement (Stark Law, 2010). The goal of the Stark legislation is to remove the potential conflict of interest from the healthcare decision process. There are exceptions to the Stark Law that many equipment leasing and management companies have targeted for business opportunities. The physician of a group practice may refer patients for imagining services (MRI, CT, or PET) that are located within their office. The most recent legislation requires the physician to further provide the patient with a written notice that these imaging services may be obtained elsewhere (Stark Law, 2010). This notice must include a list of other imaging facilities in the immediate area (Stark Law, 2010). The per-use lease arrangements that were permitted in Stark I II are now prohibited in the Stark III legislation (Stark Law, 2010). These prohibited lease agreements are considered per click or on demand leases because of the limited usage of the imaging equipment and their susceptibility to abuse. The final rule did not prohibit time-based leasing or block time leases. The cautionary note is that the leasing of very small blocks of time could cause the lease to be considered a per click arrangement and that is prohibitory. The block of time must be substantial enough to not face the risk of being considered per click usage, thereby not allowed by the Stark Law. The Westwood proposal would need to be changed from a per use agreement to a time based lease. The possible overutilization of diagnostic imaging has given rise to cleverly designed business models that cover illegal or fraudulent behavior. The anti kick back statutes prohibit the provider from receiving inducements for the referral of this reimbursable service. The lease agreement of the imaging services must not be written to appear as a kickback or highly discounted services to the physicians. The leased time must be specifically contracted and payable whether the slotted time is utilized or not. This shifts the risk of overutilization to the provider rather than the imaging service and would better control excessive referrals. The basis for the Stark Law is to prevent the conflict of interest business situations for providers, and the overutilization of these services of which the physician may have a financial interest. The possibility of a provider increasing their usage of imaging services because it will supplement their income becomes the ethical dilemma. This ownersh ip could influence the clinical decision process and increase their overall usage of more costly image testing. The overall increased utilization of imaging places a larger burden on this nations healthcare expenditure. The overutilization of imaging is supported by a recent study that estimated the number of MRIs doubled from 1995 to 2004, and the CT scanners increased more than 50 percent (MedPac, 2009). The volume of imaging services paid per Medicare beneficiary increased twice as fast as the total of all other physician services from 2000 to 2007 (MedPac, 2009). The Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported close to an eightfold variation on in-office imaging services nationwide (MedPac, 2009). The results of a recent MedPac (2009) study reveals that a physician that self refers imaging, results in significantly more total tests ordered than the non-self referring provider. He also has a higher spending per episode than the non-self referring provider. The evidence shows that the self referral of imaging has not only a financial benefit for the referring physician, but also has incr eased the overall healthcare spending. The providers should carefully review these findings when considering the proposal from Westwood. The ethical issues associated with the overutilization of image testing should be weighted against the future risk of decreased reimbursements from Medicare, Medicaid, or third party payers.

Napoleon Bonaparte :: essays research papers

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte, the son of Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte, was born in Ajaccio, Corsica on August 15, 1768. In 1779, he was sent to a military school in Paris. He was made fun of by the French there, and gave him the dream of power. Napoleon was waiting for the right time to achieve greater power, and that moment came when the French monarchy was overthrown. Napoleon’s parents were radicals, and both died soon after he turned 16, therefore leaving him the estate. His first battle was when he directed the artillery siege of Toulon in 1793, and afterwards he was promoted to brigadier general. In 1795, he scattered a group of rioters by firing a grapeshot, a shot gun version of a cannon, into the crowd. Napoleon was then made commander of the Italian army and won four straight battles against the Austrians. In 1797, Austria surrendered to France when Napoleon was just 80 miles from the capitol. When the fight was taken to Egypt, he again won the battle of the pyramids, but lost his fleet of ships in his next fight over the battle of the Nile. He returned home to France to see that the French government was really messed up. "In 1799 he abolished the Directorate and set up a consulate." He was not happy and wanted more power, so he went after the rest of Europe, but had settled with many treaties. Those treaties had put Fran ce at peace with all of Europe. Then in 1803, war broke out again in Europe, and Britain allied with the other countries of Europe to fight against France. "Napoleon brought those European countries to their knees and forced them to sign humiliating treaties, and now, Britain was the only country left not under Napoleon’s rule." One of Napoleon’s few bad campaigns was when he went into Russia, and instead of the Russians just letting the French capture them, they used guerrilla tactics and also the weather, to fight France. Once Napoleon finally defeated the Russians, he went to Moscow, only to see it in flames. The Grand Army, which was originally made up of 500,000 troops, now had a short of supplies and shelter from the harsh winter. Because of that, they had returned to France being known as "One of Napoleon’s worst blunders." Europe noticed that Napoleon was now weak, and they allied against him and came out victorious, and the European’s forced Napoleon the abdicate power on April 6, 1814.

Judaism in William Finns Falsettoland Essay -- Jewish Religion Religi

Judaism in William Finn's Falsettoland Judaism and Jewish culture have always been central to William Finn, writer of a trilogy of short works following Marvin, a homosexual living within the Jewish faith. Falsettoland itself forms the final part of the trilogy whilst In Trousers and March of the Falsettos are the first two instalments respectively. Christianity condemns homosexuality within its faith, therefore, surely Judaism would take a moral stand and condemn any theatrical portrayal of such events? Did the Reform movement which began to grow in America in the 1830s have any effect upon the time Falsettoland was written, and, if so, how was Falsettoland as a music theatre work subject to such effects? From the outset it is important to define the boundaries within which the term ‘Judaism’ and ‘Reform Judaism’ will be used. This paper focuses upon Judaism (be it Orthodox or Reform) within America and does not focus upon the origins of Judaism in Europe. Although perhaps some beliefs and moral standings were reflected across the Atlantic, for the purposes of this argument this will be negligible. When analysing the musical content of Falsettoland it is important that one does not get carried away on the intended meaning, although only suggested as a guide and personal response to the music, the analysis is by no means definite and as the author intended. We’re free to borrow from both European operatic tradition and American musical tradition, toss out what we don’t need and invent whatever creature we want, whatever we choose. And above all else, entertain.[1] Jewish life in America changed dramatically throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The majority of Jews being those wit... ...omosexuality? http://urj.org/ask/homosexuality/> Ø Storr, A. Music and the Mind (HarperCollins, 1997) Ø Volkman, E. A Legacy of Hate: Anti-Semitism in America (Franklin Watts, 1982) Discography =========== Ø Finn, W. Falsettoland (New York: DRG Records Inc, 1990) --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] LaChiusa, M.J. ‘I Sing of America’s Mongrel Culture’ in New York Times 14 November 1999) [2] Finn, W. Vocal selections from Falsettos (Warner Bros Publications Inc, 1992) p.86 [3] Storr, A. Music and the Mind (London: HarperCollins, 1997) p.187 [4] Rossoff, R.D. What is Judaism’s view on Homosexuality? Accessed 10 January 2005 [5] Katz, L.. ‘What is a Bar Mitzvah?’ In Your Guide to Judaism [6] Volkman, E. A Legacy of Hate: Anti-Semitism in America (Franklin Watts, 1982) p.10

Language of Hysteria Essay

During the 1690s, there was a mass hysteria due to beliefs of the existence of witches. With this fact came the Salem Witch Trials which occurred in Salem Village, Massachusetts. A young child began to exhibit abnormal behaviour and so she was taken in to be examined, they found nothing that could cause her to behave in such a manner. The entire village began to panick and started praying to God to get rid of evil. Conspiracies began to take rise in the village that made the villagers believe that there were witches in their village. Three women were accused of having relations with the Satan. Accusations grew larger and soon there were people who were tried and were killed. These events led to the Salem Witch Trials. The hysteria grew and began to worry people of high standings and soon the assumptions of witchcraft ended. Due to misconceptions and assumptions the Salem Witch Trials began. During the 1930s there was a mass hysteria of alien invasions. This became known as the War of the Worlds radio broadcast sent out by Orson Welles. Welles adds in effects that could cause the people to go into a state of panic. He got the idea from H. G. Wells’ novel The War of the Worlds. Bad timing became the cause of this mass hysteria. Due to the fact that during those times many people had radios and most families were listening to popular shows and by the time they got to Welles’ they were not able to listen to his introduction. They heard music being interrupted and surprising news of explosions and other sounds that exemplify an alien invasion. The people that tuned in to the radio broadcast late misunderstood and developed a fear and this one of the many causes of the mass hysteria in the 1930s. During the 1690s and the 1930s there mass hysterias like the Salem Witch Trials and the War of the Worlds radio broadcast that caused people to go into panic. These panic attacks were due to misconceptions and misunderstandings. The connection between these two mass hysterias is that the people misunderstood in both situations and caused them to start to panic. These two events have the common factor of how the events occurred.

Study Guideline

How to write your study plan You are more than just a grade report sheet, and the study plan section of your application is your chance to tell us about yourself. Personal statements are not easy to write, and require substantial planning. Entry to Tsukuba is highly competitive, so spending time on writing the best personal statement possible is important. Plan We’re interested in why you chose this course, at Tsukuba, and Japan. Ask yourself; Why did I choose to study this major? Why are you interested in this subject? Is there a specific topic within this field which interests you?Have you studied this before? What do you expect from the program and from the university? Are you aiming to become qualified for a specific job? Why did I choose Tsukuba, rather than another G30 university? Have you investigated the other G30 universities? What was it that attracted you to Tsukuba specifically? Why do I want to study in Japan? Do you have some special attachment to Japan or Japane se culture? What are my long-term goals, and how does studying in Tsukuba help me reach those goals? Do you want to go on to a Masters degree or PhD? Do you want to work in Japan after graduation?What makes me a stand-out candidate? Do you have some special skills or passions which make you a more interesting person? What personal qualities do you possess which make you a good choice for this program? – – Write Drafts You should have a lot of information on paper by now. That information has to be organised and a draft (or two or three) of your study plan will have to be written. Use separate paragraphs for separate sections, and try to impose a logical structure on your writing. Think carefully about how you want to structure your personal statement.Try to be concise when writing your study plan. The use of concrete examples can help you express yourself clearly. We appreciate that English is some applicants’ second language. However, please try your best not t o make spelling errors and use correct grammar and punctuation. Keep your sentences short and simple. Get Feedback Finally, when you’ve written your draft, we suggest giving it a few days and re-reading it. Ask for teachers, parents or friends to read it over and give honest feedback. Give yourself plenty of time to work through numerous versions of your draft, until you are completely happy.

Bullying in School

Bullying: 1. I read the article, â€Å"Jury Orders School District to Pay $800,000 to Bullied Student. † This article was about a boy named Dane Patterson, who had been bullied all through middle school and his early high school career. He claims that the school failed to protect him from years of bullying, and it finally came to be enough when he was sexually harassed in the locker room. As a result to this, the Patterson family filed a lawsuit under Title IX of the Equal Opportunity in Education Act, using the sexual harassment story as the basis.This week, the jury ordered the school district to pay Dane $800,000 to make up for the damages and trauma caused by the ongoing situation. Anti-bullying experts argue that this verdict will send a clear message to schools that they are in fact responsible for sexual harassment and bullying, and that they must keep a constant eye out for such behavior. 2. In my opinion, I do not think schools should be held fully responsible for bul lying.I think that maybe they should make more of an effort to prevent it, but there is no way they can take care of all the bullying issues that happen in school. For example, some kids don’t even make an effort to ask for help, or let anyone know they are being bullied, so the school shouldn’t be held accountable for a situation they aren’t even aware is occurring to begin with. In Dane’s situation however, I believe the school should be held responsible because he clearly asked for help and didn’t receive any, and this had been going on since middle school!I think that schools should be fully accountable only if the child seeks out help numerous times and doesn’t receive it, or if the school doesn’t do everything in their power to make the bullying go away. On the other hand, there are some situations which the school cannot control, like I said in the first example; if that is the case, I don’t believe the school should be held responsible. 3. I believe that the parents of the bully’s should be held at least somewhat responsible for their child’s actions because then they could stop the bullying before it gets out of control.Ultimately, schools are responsible for keeping an eye out on bullying and regulating the behavior, but there are some cases in which they just cannot control, therefore they shouldn’t be held responsible. Obesity: 1. For obesity, I read the article, â€Å"Pepsi Initiates Move to Pull Sugared Soft Drinks from Schools in 200 Countries. † This article was about PepsiCo Inc’s announcement, as of Tuesday of this week, about how they planning to remove all of their full-calorie sweetened soft drinks from schools in more than 200 countries by the year 2012 to reduce the trend of obesity.The article also mentions that earlier this month, Coca-Cola made a similar announcement, but they feel they should only eliminate soft drink sales from schools only if parents make a request. Of course, both companies realize that eliminating soft drinks will not end the rising trend of childhood obesity, but they believe that learning better eating and drinking habits in schools are certainly a step in the right direction. 2. I don’t think that schools should be held accountable for obesity in any sense.Schools should strive to sell healthier food, but they are not the cause of obesity. The school is not responsible for the amount of food a child buys, so schools should not be responsible for obesity. 3. In my opinion, obesity is more caused by eating habits in life outside of school, such as home or going out and getting fast food all the time. It’s even genetic. I don’t believe schools should be responsible for obesity because the child controls their own eating habits, not the school. Bullying in School Bullying should be a crime. It is very cruel and unethical. â€Å"Each day an estimated 160,000 students miss school for fear of being bullied and 10 percent of students who drop out do so because of repeated bullying† (Dalton 1). The way it makes children feel isn’t fair. Imagine that happening to yourself. Bullying in schools presents problems to every age group therefore there should be more bullying prevention programs to help get rid of the problem. Younger age Bullying is a topic that needs to be talked about.Younger age is defined from kindergarten to seventh grade. Children bully because they feel they need to overpower people. They also bully because they think they are better than others or some people just have a low self-esteem. When Younger kids bully it is normally name calling, teasing, or making fun of them by the way they look, speak, or even how smart they are! Older age bullying is another one of my topics. Older age bullying is defined from the grade s of eighth to a senior in high school.People in the Older age group bully for mainly the same reasons. When older people normally bully, it is a lot more sever then younger age bullying. â€Å"Although most victims of bullying in schools are too meek to take matter into their own hands, a few of them can be pushed to certain critical limits. 60% of identified bullies during their grade 6-9 years eventually got involved in at least one criminal conviction by age 24. † Bullying in Schools (1). Older age bullying normally ends up violent and is a lot more severe then younger age bullying.They get into fights or harassment is filed, these are the main things that happen. People will take all of someones strength and will and harass or fight them just to make them feel better about themselves. This is bad because the children who are being bullied do not deserve what they are getting. Nobody deserves to be harassed and manipulated for no reason or any reason. Most of the time, th e people that are being bullied, it isn’t their fault at all. Prevention is another area of concern.According to the online article, â€Å"Bullying Academy,† every school needs a anti-bully website for students, educators, and parents. This world needs to realize what is going on with bullying in schools and take action(1). Every school should have monitors of bullying throughout the halls and classrooms all day long. This is just one thing you could do to prevent bullying. There are many things that you could do, depending on what one your school board would like the most. Every city or town should take money from their funds and put it into schools and bullying prevention programs.According to the online article â€Å"Caring School Community,† â€Å"prevention focuses on strengthening students’ connectedness to school—an important element for increasing academic motivation and achievement and for reducing drug use, violence, and delinquency. â⠂¬  Every school should have a bullying prevention program, where parents and students could come and learn about bullying. These programs could also talk about how it affects people. They should give statistics about what people who bully end up doing in their lives and what people that don’t bully end up doing in their lives. I also think we are making important progress towards discovering how successful anti-bullying programs can be† (Dr. Ken 1). Bullying in schools is wrong and we should have more bullying prevention programs. My main point in writing this paper is to inform people that bullying is wrong. Also I wish that everyone be more aware about the situation, and don’t deny it because it is happening whether you would like to admit it or not. People need to stand up and take charge and make a change in peoples lives. People who are being bullied would love if you took a couple hours of your week just to help them get over the struggles in life. Bullying in School Bullying: 1. I read the article, â€Å"Jury Orders School District to Pay $800,000 to Bullied Student. † This article was about a boy named Dane Patterson, who had been bullied all through middle school and his early high school career. He claims that the school failed to protect him from years of bullying, and it finally came to be enough when he was sexually harassed in the locker room. As a result to this, the Patterson family filed a lawsuit under Title IX of the Equal Opportunity in Education Act, using the sexual harassment story as the basis.This week, the jury ordered the school district to pay Dane $800,000 to make up for the damages and trauma caused by the ongoing situation. Anti-bullying experts argue that this verdict will send a clear message to schools that they are in fact responsible for sexual harassment and bullying, and that they must keep a constant eye out for such behavior. 2. In my opinion, I do not think schools should be held fully responsible for bul lying.I think that maybe they should make more of an effort to prevent it, but there is no way they can take care of all the bullying issues that happen in school. For example, some kids don’t even make an effort to ask for help, or let anyone know they are being bullied, so the school shouldn’t be held accountable for a situation they aren’t even aware is occurring to begin with. In Dane’s situation however, I believe the school should be held responsible because he clearly asked for help and didn’t receive any, and this had been going on since middle school!I think that schools should be fully accountable only if the child seeks out help numerous times and doesn’t receive it, or if the school doesn’t do everything in their power to make the bullying go away. On the other hand, there are some situations which the school cannot control, like I said in the first example; if that is the case, I don’t believe the school should be held responsible. 3. I believe that the parents of the bully’s should be held at least somewhat responsible for their child’s actions because then they could stop the bullying before it gets out of control.Ultimately, schools are responsible for keeping an eye out on bullying and regulating the behavior, but there are some cases in which they just cannot control, therefore they shouldn’t be held responsible. Obesity: 1. For obesity, I read the article, â€Å"Pepsi Initiates Move to Pull Sugared Soft Drinks from Schools in 200 Countries. † This article was about PepsiCo Inc’s announcement, as of Tuesday of this week, about how they planning to remove all of their full-calorie sweetened soft drinks from schools in more than 200 countries by the year 2012 to reduce the trend of obesity.The article also mentions that earlier this month, Coca-Cola made a similar announcement, but they feel they should only eliminate soft drink sales from schools only if parents make a request. Of course, both companies realize that eliminating soft drinks will not end the rising trend of childhood obesity, but they believe that learning better eating and drinking habits in schools are certainly a step in the right direction. 2. I don’t think that schools should be held accountable for obesity in any sense.Schools should strive to sell healthier food, but they are not the cause of obesity. The school is not responsible for the amount of food a child buys, so schools should not be responsible for obesity. 3. In my opinion, obesity is more caused by eating habits in life outside of school, such as home or going out and getting fast food all the time. It’s even genetic. I don’t believe schools should be responsible for obesity because the child controls their own eating habits, not the school.

AS Music: Baroque Ensemble Music

Music History Project 4: Baroque ensemble music: 1. What is meant by rounded form? Discuss its origins and main sections. Why was repetition so important for Baroque composers? Rounded form is where the opening passage in the tonic key keeps coming back around, the most common pattern generally being ABACA. The A section is called the refrain or rounded and the non-A passages are called episodes or couplets. The rounded form originated in France, and was first the name of a medieval song with a repeating pattern.Later composers n the Classical era preferred to use the Italian spelling of the word, rondo. Repetition in Baroque music was important for composers and audiences, because composers of the Baroque era often wrote vast amounts of music as part of their employment, so were almost forced to adopt such time saving methods. Audiences of the Baroque era also were not able to fast forward, rewind or replay parts of music like we can today, so repetition allowed the audience to stay on track, and not lose the plot of the piece. 2.The binary form in Baroque music: describe the structure and comment on analogy as would occur in the different sections: A vast amount of Baroque pieces, especially ones based on dances, are in binary form, which is music where there are two distinctly separate sections, each usually repeated. The letters ABA are often used to describe binary form in music. The two sections might be similar in length, or the second might be longer than the first. In binary form, section A usually begins in the tonic key, and then ends in another key, often the dominant, or if the starting key is minor, for instance, section A might end in its relative major.Section B, however, usually goes through keys not previously heard in the piece, and then ends in the tonic key. 3. Compare and contrast Baroque instrumental music with that of the Renaissance : Instrumental music was much more important and plentiful in the Baroque period than it had previously b een, when the majority of music was vocal. The improved instrument technology helped, and allowed and encouraged composers to develop genuinely instrumental ways of writing. Much of the Renaissance period music was written for voices only, and some Renaissance style music for instruments is very vocal in its character.The more vocal styles of Renaissance music, contrasting with the instrumental music of the Baroque period is the main difference between the two. 4. In paragraphs of approximately 75 words summaries information on the following Baroque instrumental families: Strings Woodwind Brass Keyboard Strings: The first Violins, Violas and Cellos were made in Italy in the late 16th century. For some time, these instruments, called the Violin family, were used alongside instruments from the Viol family, but gradually overtook them in popularity.The Baroque bow was straight or arch shaped rather than inward curving as today, the ridge was marginally lower, and its curve shallower, w hich in turn made multiple stopping easier. The neck bent back at a slightly larger angle, and with the lower bridge, therefore put the strings at a lower tension, making the sound less powerful. Woodwind: Recorders were heavily used throughout the Baroque period, the most commonly used type being f alto (treble). Recorders fell out of use after the Baroque period, coming back into use in the late 20th century.Baroque flutes were normally made out of wood, with finger holes and Just one key for a hard to reach bass note. The done flutes lacked some of the sound quality of modern metal ones; they could not reach such high notes, and were held sideways. Oboe players produced sound, the same as they still do to this day, by blowing between two reeds. The Baroque oboe developed from the Shawn, a more powerful, even harsh instrument, which was often played outdoors. In some Baroque pieces, oboes doubled (played the same parts as) violins, but they sometimes had solo roles.Brass: Trumpets in Baroque music were often connected with royal and military ceremonies, and were therefore regarded as a special instrument. They had no valves, so different notes were played by the musician using different lip pressures. Early brass instruments without valves are called ‘natural'. Trombones were largely favored in Venice in the early sass's, mainly in ceremonial music for performance in church. Baroque trombones were less powerful than modern ones, so could therefore be better combined with softer instruments. To distinguish modern from Baroque instruments, the latter are mainly known as ‘sackbuts', or ‘sackbuts'.Horns are found in some later Baroque pieces, including Bach's Brandenburg concerto No. , which includes a horn called corn dad acacia, (Italian for ‘hunting horn'). The corona dad acacia shared the rounded shape of the modern horn, but lacked valves and had a lighter, brighter sound, and was often used in high pitched sections of pieces. Keyboa rd: Harpsichords are keyboard instruments which have strings that are mechanically plucked when the keys are pressed. Harpsichords from the Baroque period vary in tone and construction from country to country.Clavichords are keyboard instruments that have strings which are hit by tangents' when the keys, which have a seesaw like action, are pressed. In the Baroque period, Clavichords were used mainly in Germany. They had a quiet sound, which therefore made them inappropriate for use at big public concerts, but ideal for making music at home. Unlike Harpsichords, Clavichords were touch sensitive, and in this way, along with the hammer sound production, they were like modern pianos. Organs varied vastly in their size, construction and tone. German organs commonly had two or more manuals and pedals.English organs, on the other hand, normally had no pedals and rarely more than one manual. 5. What is meant by ‘retooling? Retooling form is the form that many late Baroque pieces, esp ecially those from concertos, are in. The form is similar to Rounded, but more sophisticated. An opening passage is heard on two or more occasions throughout the piece, but not always necessarily in full, with other passages in between. These so called ‘in between' passages, sometimes a lot longer than the riotousness, are called ‘episodes' and are often for fewer instruments. A retooling can also be an instrumental passage within a vocal piece. . Describe briefly the structure off typical Baroque suite: There is no axed pattern of movement in Baroque suites, but later examples included the following dances, in this order: Allemande: usually moderate speed or fairly slow, in 4/4 time, with a short upbeat and plenty of gentle semiquaver movement. Current: quick or fairly quick, in 3/4 or 3/2 Serenade: slow triple time, usually 3/4, often with the second beat of the bar emphasizes. Segue; quick and lively, usually in a compound time such as 12/8 7. Explain how Baroque comp osers would expand on the dances that would appear in a suite.What changes would they bring into their music? Dances are generally in binary form, but composers sometimes extended their work in one of the following ways: Two dances of the same kind (both binary) appear in the order first dance, second dance, first dance repeated, producing a kind of ternary (ABA) structure. Two versions of a single dance are given, the first ‘plain', the second with much more ornamentation added. Some modern performers play the plain dance complete, with both sections repeated and then the double similarly. Baroque composers may have sometimes played either the plain dance or the double, not both.

Essay on Macbeth and female roles

Moreover, I find It to be one of his more Interesting plays as It Includes misguided ambition, bravery, paranoia as ell as betrayal and It Is a perfect example of how one story can be projected upon different ages. Macbeth, who Is a conscientious man, Is being overpowered by his vaulting ambition. The tragedy In this play Lies In him degenerating from a noble and brave warrior to a simple killer who commits gruesome murders to save himself. Ironically from the repercussions of his own crimes. Looking at this play from different angles allows me to get a better impression of how the gender roles are presented between the different characters.I found the role women play in Macbeth specially intriguing, as they seem to be the ones pulling all the strings. Therefore, I am going to show how they are being defamed and portrayed, among other things, as cold and monstrous. Moreover, I will show how those perceptions of women can be seen in relation to the classical perception of women, as we ll as the perception that people had during the Middle Ages and how these and biblical pictures could have formed such personages as Lady Macbeth and the three witches.To be able to analyze those characters in depth I am going to limit myself to specific scenes involving Lady Macbeth and the three witches. Furthermore, I am going to use information I found in various books as well as the text † The Great Chain of Being† to put my findings into perspective. The role of women in Shakespearean Macbeth The Setting Macbeth takes place in Scotland around 1600 with the exception of a single scene In England (Act 4 Scene 3). The tragedy unfolded among the upper classes of society, namely Kings and thanes.Women did not have the greatest Influence; one could say that men owned them and they behaved accordingly. 2 An example of this Is the tragedy of Macadam leaving his wife and children despite Lady Macadam's contrary linings towards his decision (Act 4 Scene 2). The play starts o ut with a lightning storm, creating a gloomy atmosphere that sets the mood and Indicates the general atmosphere of the play. The three weird ones I chose to analyze two scenes describing the three witches (they are also called â€Å"weird ones†, â€Å"weird women† or ‘Modeled sisters†) In â€Å"Macbeth†, namely Act 1 Scene 1 and Act 1 Scene 3.In my opinion, those are best suited to show how the three weird ones are being portrayed and in addition. They demonstrate how important their role included, as it isn't certain that Shakespeare wrote those. Instead many scholars live that Thomas Middleton wrote Act 3 Scene 5 and parts of Act 4 Scene 1. 3 Since I want to analyze Shakespearean play, it seems natural to exclude those two scenes. Act 1 scene 1: Meeting the witches This scene is the shortest opening scene in Shakespearean works and introduces us immediately to the three sisters.What's more interesting, though , is that they aren't introduced as wit ches or any other kind of other negative name, but they call themselves â€Å"we three†, whereas in the rest of the play others name them as the â€Å"weird sisters† or â€Å"weird women†. This might be owed to the old English word â€Å"weird† meaning â€Å"fate†, and considering there are three of them, one could associate them with the Pearce, who were the three mythical creatures that controlled human destiny. Parallels can be drawn from the mythical creatures to those three sisters controlling Machete's life, as if those three sisters decided how his life should be and how it should end. Another interesting aspect of the first scene of this play are the paradoxes used. The most interesting of those is: † fair is foul, and foul is fair†, which seems to be a contradiction in it itself and therefore a violation of God's natural order. Lars Sabers idea on this is that it is a typical Shakespearean drama with the theme of â€Å"The See ming versus the Being†6.This seems to be a fitting assumption, although it needs a deeper explanation. The main theme of the play is described by this quote and means, simply put, that nothing is what it seems. For instance, Lady Macbeth is named a â€Å"gentle lady† by Macadam (Act 2 Scene 3 line 79), but in reality, she is the one to blame for the execution of Dunce's murder. Another example is Banquet, who in the beginning, appears to be Machete's right-hand man and friend. Soon thereafter, however, we can see that he negates that picture of him.This confirms that the witches know exactly what is going to happen and to whom, and thus the assumption of them being a Shakespearean version of the Pearce. Act 1 Scene 3: The witches meet Macbeth and Banquet The beginning of this scene shows that the three witches driven by evil and vengefulness are not only malicious but also very destructive. When one of the sisters asks where the other has been, the second answers that s he was out killing swine, which back in their time, as Eva Poss.. And Clinician Gabon wrote, according to popular belief was something witches did.This shows how ruthless they are and that there is a lack of compassion for animals or other living beings. As the first sister explained her whereabouts, she tells about a sailor's wife eating chestnuts, and having asked for some she was denied the food (Act 1 Scene 3 line 1-5). This resulted in them cursing that woman's husband. The evil of the weird sisters is shown clearly in their choice of words and their actions; by taking a better look at this curse, one can see the connection between the captain's and Machete's in life several places. For one her chant: â€Å"I'll dad, I'll do, and I'll do.I'll drain him dry as hay;† can be linked to the sterility of Machete's marriage and as she chants: â€Å"Sleep shall neither night nor day', she curses this man to suffer from insomnia, Just as Macbeth will suffer from lack of sleep, w hich will ultimately push him over the limit and make him go mad. Lars Jabber explains in his book: â€Å"De err linefeed, dies hisser, go some en slag's metastasis mafia hover De sigh p deem, deer anger at subsidized deem. â€Å"9 1 do agree about the evil deeds they have committed, it can be easily overlooked that this curse also shows the limitations to their power.Specifically when looking at this quote: â€Å"Though his bark cannot be lost†, which shows that they are not capable of making this man's ship sink. (Act 1 Scene 3 line 23) As the play continues they interrupted when they hear Macbeth arriving. At that point he exclaims: â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen† (Act 1 Scene 3 line 36). This is an echo of the three witches' â€Å"Foul is fair and fair is foul†, for so many men have been slaughtered in battle, yet Macbeth had achieved a great victory. When Banquet sees the witches, he describes them as being withered and wild† in attire .He says that they don't look like they were from this earth and further describes their looks with choppy fingers and skinny lips that are often used to describe a person that is not trustworthy or even likeable. People often associate it with somebody who has a calculating personality,10 and this is the same feeling you get from those witches when you hear their description. He also says that they should be women, and yet their beards forbid him to interpret them as such. (Act 1 Scene 3 line 37-45) All of this depicts how unnatural and unusual Banquet thinks these women are.When the witches start to talk, they hail Macbeth as the soon-to-be Thane of Castor and King of Scotland. Whilst Macbeth is stunned by these fair-sounding prophecies, Banquet demands the witches to also tell him about his future, and he is told that, although he shall not be royalty, his offspring will. As abruptly as the witches had appeared, they disappear, and messengers from King Duncan arrive and inform Ma cbeth of his newly gained title of Thane of Castor. When they hear the news, Banquet suddenly remarks: ‘What, can the devil speak true? His utterance once more demonstrates Banquets lack of belief in those witches, ailing them the devil. Macbeth is astonished by the news and tries to hide his mind's preoccupation with kingship, while Banquet warns him of the dangers these prophecies might bear. He compares the sisters to the darkness when he says: â€Å"And oftentimes, to win us to our harm, The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betrays In deepest consequence. † (Act 1 Scene 3 line 119-125) Are those women simply prophets, or do they actually set events in motion?During our first encounter with the weird ones, it is unsure where they've come from or who r what they actually are, or even what they have in mind when they plan on meeting Macbeth. As the play continues, the feeling of them manipulating events becomes more apparent, and t heir maliciousness emerges step by step. The words Shakespeare used for their dialogs and chants can be interpreted as negative, and even though some might have a positive use, they are turned into something bad, just as their first â€Å"prophecy', of fair being foul and foul being fair, predicts.They plot mischief, using prophecies against Macbeth and their predictions turned the noble Macbeth into a murderer. It is unclear whether the witches had their knowledge from somebody else, or whether they are the ones toying with human destinies. As mentioned before they have a staggering resemblance to the Pearce, who controlled the thread of life and thereby every humans' destiny. The way Shakespeare chose to portray the weird ones makes it seem as if they took some kind of perverse delight in using their knowledge to destroy human beings and their fates.Looking at the witches from afar gives a clear picture of what it means to be malicious, vengeful and This woman is more than Just a n interesting character. She goes through several developmental stages, and in contrast to the three witches, the evil, or coldness that is within her cannot be seen through a dialogue but through the thoughts that occupy her mind. Lady Macbeth is one of the most powerful female characters in literature. The fact that she is alone in the beginning shows that we are privy to her innermost thoughts and feelings.Act 1 Scene 5: Lady Macbeth is determined to be queen This scene opens with Lady Macbeth, who received a letter from her husband. In his letter, he calls her â€Å"dearest partner of greatness†, which she indeed is and becomes even more so as she manipulates Macbeth into giving in to his passions. To a certain degree, she even controls his actions, resulting in the crimes committed. This means that, even though she is not the one to deliver the fatal blow herself, she definitely is responsible.As she finishes reading the news of his success in battle and his encounter wi th the witches that promised him that he will become king – and thus her queen – she exclaims: â€Å"Glacis thou art, and Castor, and shall be What thou art promised; yet do I fear thy nature, It is too full thimble of human kindness. â€Å"(Act 1 Scene 5 line 14-16) What she means is that he shall become what he was promised, namely king. This seems to be reflecting the witches' prophecy, and one could say that she follows the witches' lead and becomes herself an agent of fate.Nevertheless, according to Lars Jabber she believes him to be somebody that would let others cheat to achieve his goals, as long as it wasn't he who was cheating 1. As her thoughts seem to battle over whether her husband could fulfill this prophecy she can see only one solution: â€Å"Hi thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thin ear, And chastise with the velour of my tongue†. Act 1 Scene 5 line 24-26) She practically says that she wants to empower him with her poisonous words and he should renounce any of his doubts and be brave enough to kill Duncan.Since the masses back then must have seen Hamlet before Macbeth, they might have remembered that in Hamlet's Act 1 Scene 5, the father's ghost reports that he was killed by poison: â€Å"And in the porches of my ears did pour The leprous despoilment†12. This parallel darkens Lady Machete's words instantly. As the play continues, Lady Macbeth descends further and further into her dark self. When a messenger arrives, she compares him o a hoarse raven, an omen of death in itself, and calls upon dark spirits to â€Å"unsexes† her, saying: â€Å"Come to my woman's breasts And take my milk for gall†.Jennies La Belle argues that Lady Machete's outbreak isn't only a psychological one but one that asks for her to eliminate her basic biological characteristics of femininity. 14 Meaning that the body and mind are connected, and to achieve such an unfeminine consciousness is to become a man and leave a ll female attributes and weaknesses behind. This once more shows how ambitious she is, and that she doesn't shy away from hard assure.I am not sure I would go as far as Jennies La Belle and connect the physiological with the psychological, but there is a definite connection between Lady Machete's words and her desire to be tougher and more hardened like a man. This is once more a contradiction that fits the witches' prophecy. A woman is supposed to be nurturing and soft, whereas a man is supposed to be tough and aggressive. Soon thereafter, Macbeth arrives and they have a brief and urgent talk about Dunce's rather cruel, because it contains a paradox. The warmth of the sun is contrasted withDuncan, who won't ever see it again. In the following lines she uses several metaphors to conceal her actual thoughts:† Your face, my thane, is as a book, where men May read strange matters†(Act 1 Scene 5 line 61-62); followed by an amusingly ironic allusion to Genesis 5:† You h and, your tongue; look like ethnocentric flower, But be the serpent underwent. â€Å"(Act 1 Scene 5 line 64-65) The â€Å"paradise† that was promised by the witches turns, as they called it, from â€Å"fair to foul†. The last line of the scene: â€Å"Leave all the rest to me†, has quite a chilling tone to it and is very imperative.It seems as if she completed her transformation to a man and takes over the active and leading role in their relationship, whilst Macbeth becomes a mere accomplice. Act 1 Scene 7: Macbeth debates whether to murder Duncan The imagery of Machete's soliloquy in the beginning of this scene exposes his objective, for example Dunce's murder and his own success, but his use of words reveals a mind that is suffering from confusion and indecisiveness. This becomes particularly obvious because of the repetition of some specific words like:† if, were, but and so on† that show his confusion.Finally, when Lady Macbeth enters, he inform s her that he has changed his mind. She responds contemptuously to his change of heart: ‘Was the hope drunk Wherein you dressed yourself? Hath it slept since? And wakes it now to look so green and pale At what it did so freely? From this time, Such I account thy love. Art thou afeard to be the same in thin own act and velour, As thou art in desire? Wouldst thou have that Which thou system's the ornament of life, And live a coward in thin own esteem, Letting â€Å"l dare not† wait upon â€Å"l would†, Like the poor cat Tightwad's? (Act 1 Scene 7 line 36-45) She does not only accuse him of being a coward but taunts him by comparing him to a cat that wanted a fish yet didn't want to get its paws wet. Lady Macbeth essentially tells him that he can't be trusted, even concerning his love towards her 16. Furthermore, she urges him thereby to get over himself and kill Duncan to prove his manhood and love for her. On top of convincing her husband to kill the King, she bre aks his first illusion of not involving anybody else by prompting him to blame the murder on Dunce's officers.This reveals how manipulative she is and that she has control over her Cubans like a puppeteer over his puppets. What really shows the darkness and the evil that lingers inside of her, though, is how far she would go to achieve her goal; she said that she would dash the brains out of her own child whilst it was sucking on her nipple and smiling lovingly at her if she had sworn as he had done. (Act 1 Scene 7 line 54-58) This is a shocking and monstrous thing to say, and no woman could call herself a woman, being able to say that about her own offspring, or any child for that matter.This declaration proves a complete absence of compassion, mercy or sense of lilt. Act 5 Scene 1: Revelation of Lady Machete's guilt during her sleep This scene is critical to understanding Lady Macbeth as a character and as a woman. Even though she felt no, or close to no remorse in the preceding s cenes, this one changes the perception of her abruptly; she is haunted by her guilt and confesses those gruesome deeds in her sleep. At this point the decline of the Macbeth family begins, Lady Macbeth doesn't play the role of the leader of their relationship anymore, and Macbeth is slowly turning mad.The psychological impact all those deeds had on Lady nine 64-66) Her speech patterns have become fragmented, and the wife that had once been in control of herself and her surroundings is now reduced to a woman who cannot connect two sentences correctly, and one who has lost connection to reality due to her devastated mind. As she sleepwalks with a candle that she has ordered(Act 5 Scene 1 line 20-21) to be by her side at all times, I agree with Lars Saber's opinion that it seems as if the only thing important to her now is saving her soul, with the light being the only symbol of hope left to her. 7 Is Lady Macbeth a 2- dimensional character, or is there more to her? Lady Macbeth, who i s an incredibly ambitious woman, shares the same aspirations as her husband. During the first couple of scenes, until Macbeth starts shutting her out, she seems to be the one who is most ruthless and the one who pulls the relationship forward. As the play continues and her husband follows her urges to kill Duncan but turns colder and more paranoid, their relationship suffers. Macbeth starts a bloodshed and Lady Macbeth finally succumbs to her guilt and goes mad.Her state of mind is even more damaged than her husband's, and her conscience ultimately forces her to commit suicide. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth seem to have a perfect partnership They feel passion for each other and think alike, but as the story continues and Lady Macbeth persuades him to kill the King, they become more and more alienated from each other, and their feelings for each other turn to sheer numbness. Looking at this woman under a magnifying glass reveals that she isn't a simple two-di mensional character but Just as Pushpin described Shakespearean characters in general to be.She is a complex and multifaceted character, with all the inconsistencies that a person of flesh and blood has, and she reveals her different acts in the wide range of situations she is put nine. In the end one can't deny that Lady Macbeth has a tough outer exterior, and could be called an â€Å"Iron Lady', but she also has softer sides to her, which only comes to shine through if one begins to scratch below the surface. Are women in Macbeth evil? This question is a difficult one to answer.As I progressed from reading the play to analyzing the witches and then Lady Macbeth, my perception changed gradually. It seemed as if various authors had agreed on either putting those women into one drawer or the other, but in my opinion, they should not be stereotyped. For instance, the witches are indeed portrayed as evil and calculating, but if you take into account that they could be the ones on the receiving end of information about various humans' â€Å"fate†, then you can't call them as evil as you would probably like to.The fate of Macbeth would not lie in their hands any longer, and their actions would not matter; his path would have been predestined. When trying to understand what lies behind Lady Macbeth, many authors are very trigger-happy and call her monstrous, cold and evil. And yes, her actions, manipulating her husband into killing the King aren't the actions of an innocent soul. Still one has to look behind the curtain, to see that she did those things out of love, because she is familiar with her husband's shortcomings.Finally, she starts feeling remorse and succumbs to her guilt, but only when her husband starts shutting her out and she feels isolated. Therefore, I neither want to call those women evil nor good, rather women that are in different situations and do what they feel is right. Portrayals of women in Macbeth and the perception To start with, I will take a peek into a possible point of history where the general reception of women in the Elizabethan era might have originated. The authors of the book â€Å"Brisker till skivvies histories† retell the Greek mythological story of human creation.The titan Prometheus creates men from clay, and the goddess Athena gave them the breath of life. As the story goes, Prometheus and the human kind had angered Zeus; therefore, he let Hyphenates create Pandora, a mortal of stunning beauty. They gave her many gifts of wealth as well as a deceptive heart and a lying tongue. She becomes the first women on earth who carries one final gift: a Jar filled with all evil, sorrow and misfortune but also hope. 9 This is Just one of many examples of how lowly people thought of women.One can also recall the Christian mythology, where – Just as in Greek mythology – the woman was created after the man, and of course, it is she who causes their eviction from paradise, or for that matt er Lithe, who according to Jewish mythology, is Dam's first wife and a succubus who sleeps with different men and strangles newborn babies. 21 All of those mythological stories show a rather misogynistic perception of women. No doubt, this influenced centuries to come and I would like to argue that it also influenced Shakespeare to write Macbeth.I am tempted to compare the play to the 2nd part of the history of creation in Genesis. The role of Lady Macbeth is similar to Eve's. To a certain extent both are temptresses. In both Genesis and the play, the characters do not realize the luck and â€Å"wealth† they are in, and finally yet importantly, both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as well as Adam and Eve regret their actions in the end. To explain those three similarities further, one has to take a deeper look at both stories.Adam and Eve are told by God that they are allowed to eat any fruit in the Garden of Eden apart from the ones from the tree in the middle. None of the two trie s any of these fruits, until the devil in the disguise of a snake deceives Eve and tempts her into eating the forbidden fruit by telling her stories of the wisdom and knowledge she will gain from eating them. When she tries the fruit, she tempts and convinces Adam to do the same and try the forbidden fruit. Looking at the play of Macbeth, the same goes for Lady Macbeth.Instead of being tempted by the devil, it is the thought of her and her husband becoming royal that tempts her. She gives in to that temptation. The symbolical forbidden fruit here is the murder of King Duncan, ND Just as Eve convinces Adam to take a bite of the fruit, Lady Macbeth convinces her husband, who has doubts but believes in his â€Å"partner in greatness† Just as Adam believes in Eve, to conspire and ultimately kill Duncan and take the throne. The end of the stories have their own parallels. Adam and Eve's feelings of guilt derive from their betrayal of God's trust.When they eat the forbidden fruit t hey learn the feeling of shame, which finally makes them feel guilty for their crime. Due to the betrayal of God's trust they are expelled from Paradise and became mortal. On the other hand, we have Macbeth and his wife. Their betrayal is of a more complex kind. Not only do they betray the trust of others, but, more importantly, they also betray themselves. Their ambition makes them betray themselves and the guilt that springs from it gradually nags at them, makes them lose their mind, and in the end, it is their guilt and their actions that kill them.Perception of women throughout the middle ages, royals and the common people In the book Women Defamed and Women Defended, etymology studies to depict the roots of antihistamines tradition. In those studies, they compared men to women and decided that women were deformed men. 23 This fits he Christian idea that Eve was created from Dam's rib, thus she must have been a lesser version of a man. By reading through these sources the percep tion men had of women unravels before one's eyes.Even though time has passed by, the belief in those myths, as well as the hierarchy that followed these â€Å"bible† stories hasn't disappeared fully. SST John Chromosome, for example, was an advocate for chastity and censor of women and one of the strongest voices of his time to deny authority to women or the right to teach. His reason was that, since Genesis, men had had to be the highest ranked in the hierarchy. Thus, women should not be allowed to speak in church, because they can only learn in silence.According to him, God made women subject to men, and therefore their husbands should rule them. 25 This seemed to be the common truth, though, with exceptions if one looks a little deeper at queens or noble women. Lisa Benz explains in her book Three Medieval Queens that queens were looked upon as a version of Virgin Mary on earth and therefore had the same responsibilities, for one being a mother and giving birth to the next male heir but also being an intercessor. Mary being a mediator between Heaven and earth, made he Queen be the intercessor between the King and his people.She also explains that the Queen's duties were to act as a regent in case their King wasn't capable to rule, for example due to health issues or young age. Another of their duties was to help their King and other nobility to spy on rivals, help ignite conflicts or even wars, be of strategic help and help to spread information, whether false or true, to help the King achieve his goals, whatever those might be. 26 In my opinion, there are clear parallels between the duties and roles of a queen in the Middle Ages and Lady Machete's behavior.For starters, Lady Macbeth, Just like a queen, is ready to do anything in order to help her husband achieve his goals. It is easier to see the parallel by looking at one of her first statements, namely that he shall be King as he was promised, even though in her opinion he doesn't have the manhood to do what has to be done without her support. However, I think Lady Macbeth is capable of going much further than a usual queen would have. In the Middle Ages Theresa Rearrange says, queens that were sterile were shunned and even murdered.The fact that Macbeth and Lady Machete's relationship does not result in a child must Hereford be a vital reason for her to do everything possible to please her husband by helping him achieving what he strives for, even if it crosses his or other's boundaries. This shows Lady Machete's behavior to be that of a Queen, before she actually becomes one. Another parallel is Lady Machete's way of ruling. She is the one with the strategic head on her shoulders and plans the assassination on King Duncan.Moreover, she figures out the best way to shift the blame off them and onto somebody else by drugging and placing the dagger used to murder the King in the Kings officers' hands, all of this to wash her husband's and her hands clean of guilt. Another grea t example are the tales that were written in the book of the wiles of women. This book contained tales of women and their – so it seems – pathological misconduct, adultery, their sharp tongue that shifted the blame from them onto others and simply female deceit.Those were popular antihistamines anecdotes, and general perception turned to women being deceiving liars no man could or should trust. An interesting chapter on how a â€Å"good† wife was supposed to behave in the Middle Ages from Georges Dubos and Michelle Parrot's book A history of women bevels that women were lower in the hierarchy than their husbands. â€Å"Saint Thomas went as far as to say that the basic reason for getting married was to ensure a male figurehead for the education of the offspring. â€Å"29 The only function left for the woman/mother was to nurture the child.According to them, there was one point on which there was a unanimous agreement – that a good wife is one that takes care of the house. From Aristotle on there were two areas, which were divided between man and woman: production and conservation, where the men were the ones to be productive, while the women â€Å"conserved† what they had. 0 This explains the division between the house (the female domain) and everything that is outside of it (the male domain), leading to the woman managing the family and being responsible for her family behavior. 1 We can apply these characteristics to Lady Machete's behavior, but it becomes quickly apparent that Lady Macbeth is not the type who can be connected to adultery or sexual misbehaving. On the other hand the deception of her and her actions is enormous. She does however, not deceive her husband, as was the case in those earlier tales, but the ones who stand in their path to success, particularly King Duncan. Another point to be noted is the sharp tongue. This description fits her like a glove.Examples ranging from calling upon dark spirits to unsex es her to the harsh and insulting words she uses to convince her husband of murder are excellent proofs of her resolution and her capability of using her tongue to manipulate her husband or others into doing or believing what she says. Lady Macbeth seems to fit the description of a Queen or noblewoman very well. Her one shortcoming, apart from being childless, however, is opposed to what women were supposed to be. Lady Macbeth is a bad hostess.Not only is it her husband that plans social gatherings but it is she who plots the King's demise, when she should be the one to cater to the Kings needs. The Great Chain of Being and Macbeth Being a logical human being, the first instinct is to divide things into two without overlaps, but it is impossible to name a precise moment in history when, for example, the Middle Ages turned in the age of Renaissance. Thus we cannot say that the cultural and intellectual ideas, politics or for that matter other areas can be separated into two different chunks of history.Quit to the contrary, there are overlaps of two different ages. Shakespeare, who lived (1564 – 1616) during England's Renaissance, demonstrates this overlap in his play Macbeth which is a very good example of The Chain of Being's concept but, more importantly, the consequences of somebody disturbing precisely this chain. This so-called chain was actually a description of how our world and the beings in it are connected and in which order. This order was based on the proportions of â€Å"matter† and â€Å"spirit†.The more spirit a being had, the higher up the chain that being would be. Inanimate things in nature, such as for example minerals, were at the lowest end. Above them were plants, insects, and other creatures that weren't noble , like lions, bears or wolves. Then there came humans: the king, who back then was thought to be chosen by God, was the highest ranked among humans, and women were the ones who were lowest highest. Since God was the one to create the chain, it was of course unthinkable to disturb it. Repercussions and chaos could have been the outcome.Looking at the play, Macbeth and hereby Lady Macbeth disturb this chain by murdering King Duncan, who is the highest-ranked of all human beings. This regicide has to have consequences, and the fact that Duncan is a noble and good king cannot help that matter. This killing does actually demonstrate two disturbances of The Great Chain of Being, we have on one hand Macbeth committing regicide, but Lady Macbeth disturbs the chain by leaving her place in the hierarchy and placing herself higher than she should be. I would consider this first murder to a of catalyst for the rest of the misfortune to come.As the story continues, Macbeth loses his courage and hires other men to kill for him, while Lady Macbeth starts to fall apart and feel remorse. However, the death count continues and the bodies for whose death he is responsible pile up. Mayhem erupts throughout th eir kingdom, and it becomes apparent that The Great Chain of Being is more than Just disturbed. The expected chaos has come and it does not seem like anything could stop it. Even the horses are attacking each other, and the natural order breaks down as less noble creatures overcome the noble and stronger ones.Nobody sees Macbeth as a king; instead, â€Å"his† people are calling him the tyrant. While looking at the whole play from afar, death seems to be a motif that persists and shows the crimes Macbeth commits and the impact these crimes have upon The Great Chain of Being. His kingdom seems to be engulfed in a morbid atmosphere, as different animals appear that are associated tit death and decay, such as ravens. As the play continues and more of those morbid signs appear, Macbeth loses his mind and starts hallucinating. Having committed all those crimes, he induced his own phantasmagoria.In the end it isn't only his kingdom that falls apart, but also his relationship to Lady Macbeth and further on the abrupt cut with her, as she commits suicide. If he had not had committed those crimes, according to The Chain of Being, everything would have remained in equilibrium, and the kingdom would be in a state of order, but because he does, his kingdom turns into chaos. Conclusion Working in depth on this play, more specifically the female roles in it and the history regarding the perception of women, I have to conclude that the role of women in Macbeth cannot be described in simple words.While looking at the surface, the depiction of Lady Macbeth and the witches is evil and monstrous, but it should not be categorized as obvious. These women, Lady Macbeth as well as the witches, achieve their goals through dangerous, sinister and most importantly subtle manipulation. The prophecies the witches foretell are not straightforward but play on Machete's ambition and the way Lady Macbeth questions his manhood convinces IM of committing murder. The story would not unfol d the way it does without these women.Both parties, Lady Macbeth and the witches, are important driving forces behind what happens. The witches' counterparts are the Pearce, who controlled the thread of life, while Lady Machete's counterpart is Eve, who is blamed for the original sin – the fall of humankind and its expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Even today, Eve still stands as one of the ultimate examples that connect women and evil. The Middle Ages as well as the classical perception of women had an incredible influence