Human Resource Management Essay - 4821 Words

HRM PROJECT Table of Contents Executive Summary LO 1 Understand the difference between personnel management and human resources management 1.1 Distinguish between Personnel management and human resource management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1.2 Assess the function of the human resource management in contributing to organizational purposes 1.3 Evaluate the role and responsibilities of line managers in human resource management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.4 Analyse the impact of the legal and regulatory framework on human resource management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. LO 2 Understand how to recruit employees 2.1 Analyse the reasons for human resource planning†¦show more content†¦Industrial relations: arose to the growing power of trade unions involvement in disputes, collective bargaining, negotiation and industrial law and regulation. The practitioner as a bureaucrat (control of labour) due to the increase growth and change of workplace activity such as: job allocation and performance monitoring; time keeping and control of absenteeism; sick leave and holidays; pay and benefits; training and promotion; rules and regulations; procedures and forms. Part of Tarmac dream vision is to achieve the exceptional to deliver value to all its stakeholders and a key element of that plan is to engage their employees to use their energy and skills to improve the business. The professional tradition: arose as a need for a specialized body of knowledge in the areas of law, economics, administration and social sciences and the professionalism of the work involved. Within Tarmac HR Management the level of skills of specialist employees have become a central role to Tarmac growth and as a result recruiting internal and external roles have become part of the process that enable the organization to meet its employee’s objectives. According to Fisher et al Human ResourceShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1140 Words   |  5 Pagesa business efficiently? Human Resource Management (HRM). Human Resources is the solid foundation that practically oversees the entire organization, whether its managing employees to surveilling the progress of every single department. There are six principle functions that Human Resource take into account: employee relations, recruitment, compliance, compensation and benefits, training and development, and safety (policies/regulations). Over time Human Resource Management has taken a new role intoRead MoreHuman Resources Management And Human Resource Management2123 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The study of human resource management becomes a major topic of the science of management at the beginning of 20th century and keeps attracting researchers’ attention (Merkle, 1980). The new models of human resource management derive from the advance of management theories and the accumulation of practices and experiences. With the development of global economy, the economic situation of each country deeply affects the world and becomes closely connected. In addition, the needs of customersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1138 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resources Management Hilti continues to grasp on success and expand globally, but their path weren’t always well defined. The company began in 1941 and historically they’ve kept to traditional strategies when it came to recognizing human resource requirements. In the early 2000’s, the company established a new set initiatives, aimed at doubling revenue and operating profits. Hilti also recognized that this type of growth would require invigorating ideas to employ human resourcing requirementsRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources Management941 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management is one of the most important aspects of any organization, whether it be non-profit, not for profit, or profit. Human Resources Management is what makes it possible for a manager to be able to focus on their work and tasks at hand and not have to deal with lots of unneeded interpersonal activities. They are in charge of correctly evaluating the candidates that the managers will have to work with for the duration of the candidate’s stay. They are responsible for makingRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management835 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management â€Å"They humanize the brand and help workforce communities thrive† (Who). A human resource management position may be the job for you. Every business and enterprise has a human resource manager, including Starbucks, Disney and even Apple. This job includes planning and coordination, organization, consulting employees and to oversee the work and employees. All the schooling and stress that comes along with this occupation pays off in the end with an enjoyable job. HumanRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1398 Words   |  6 Pages Human Resource Management Overview Tanya Phillips Dr. Andrea Scott, PhD HSA 320, Strayer University October 31, 2016 Human Resources Management Overview Human resources (HR) is the different kinds of clinical and nonclinical responsibilities for public and individual health involvement. The benefits and performance the system can deliver depends upon the knowledge, skills and motivation of those responsible for providing health services. Human resource managers don’t directlyRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management2534 Words   |  11 PagesIn most cases managers look at human resource management as an expense to a company rather than a source of benefit to the company however, research has proved that human resource management practices can be of greater value. Valuable decisions such as whom to recruit, what package to offer, the training necessary for the new recruits and how to assess employee performance directly affects the employee motivation and as such do affect the ability of the employee to provide products which the consumersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management95 8 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Overview As we all know when it comes to every business and organization that is out there, they all need help from Human Resources to continue to help the company grow. What is human resource management? Well Human Resource Management is the overall process that deals with how Human Resources manages their employees as well as different issues that can come across within the organization. Human Resource Management are in charge of different tasks including recruiting asRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management820 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management Proper Planning is one of the most important aspects of human resource management. Without proper execution of plans, the particular needs of an organization that are the responsibility of human resources will not be reached, and therefore, will fall short of what is necessary for meeting the goals of an organization (DeCenzo, Robbins Verhulst 2013).There are many facets a human resource manager must be familiar with in order to run an organization. The functions of humanRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Management1264 Words   |  6 Pagesand research with my family, I decided to go into human resource management, specifically in a hospital. Many people questioned and often said â€Å"Why human resource management?† My answer, I chose human resource managers because I believe they are a vital part of a hospitals success. They make the plans, they direct the staff and they coordinate how people work together and where they need to be. Throughout this paper , I will describe human resource managers- what they do, what are the requirements

Lawrence Kohlberg s Levels Of Morality - 1422 Words

Running head: LAWRENCE KHOLBERG’S LEVELS OF MORALITY Lawrence Kohlberg’s Levels of Morality And How We Can Relate Ourselves to his Theory Sarah Blasco Tri-County Technical College LAWRENCE KOHLBERG’S LEVELS OF MORALITY Abstract This purpose of this is to describe Kohlberg’s theory of morality in detail; I will describe each level that pertains to this theory and how they have affected me personally. Lawrence Kohlberg theory of moral development is divided into three different levels; the first level is the preconventional level followed by the conventional level, and then the postconventonal level. Within each of these levels, each level contains two different stages, resulting in six stages in all. Kohlberg’s was influenced by Jean Piaget’s theory, his theory focused on cognitive development, but he was motivated Piaget ‘s theory that described how a child develops moral understanding. It encouraged Kohlberg to research deeper and develop his theory of moral development more in depth. For Kohlberg’s research, he decided to use the interviewing technique using moral dilemmas. Kohlberg used several different techniques for his research strategies, but he had one famous di lemma, known as the â€Å"Heinz dilemma†, also defined as, pits the value of obeying the law (not stealing) against the value of human life (saving a dying person)† (Berk, 2014 pg. 323). Keywords: moral dilemmas, Heinz dilemma, preconventional, conventional,Show MoreRelatedKohlberg : Theory Of Moral Development997 Words   |  4 PagesLawrence Kohlberg: Theory of Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg was a well known psychologist best known for his thorough research into the development and better understanding of the processes needed to grow into a well developed human being. Kohlberg grew up in New York City on October 25, 1927. Growing up in such a diverse area is what struck his interest in the development of all beings. In only one short year he received his bachelors degree and then went on to devote his career to study theRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Jean Piaget And John Dewey1387 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II veteran who smuggled Jews across enemy borders, Lawrence Kohlberg always wondered if he was a â€Å"good† man. What was more noble; protecting human lives, or upholding the law? Kohlberg, inspired by the philosophy of Jean Piaget and John Dewey, began researching ways to determine moral righteousness. Using his experience as a war veteran, he created mock simulations where one needed to choose between two distinct options. Kohlberg used t hese simulations, known as moral dilemmas, to observeRead MoreJean Piaget And Lawrence Kohlberg892 Words   |  4 Pagesyou aged, did you ever notice that your understanding of right and wrong principles changed? According to psychologists Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg it should have. Individually the two psychologists have made remarkable discoveries on how children develop and use their moral development. Jean Piaget, grew up in Switzerland in the late 1890’s and early 1900’s with his father, who was a dedicated historian. Around Paget’s early twenties he had the privilege of working with many influential peopleRead MoreMoral And Social Developments Of Children1337 Words   |  6 Pageschildren learn from the people around them to recognize the good and bad in this way begin to form their idea of morality. Researchers like as Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg carefully studied moral reasoning of children and girls. Both agree that moral development progresses slowly and is an orderly process that takes time. Piaget all its research center in the perception of children as Kohlberg came to adulthood. According to the psychologist, in her book Ramona Rubio Developmental Psychology (1992)Read MoreCriminal Justice : Kohlberg s Morality Theory Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice: Kohlberg’s Morality Theory Introduction Human beings have strived to find ways in which they can enhance their coexistence within the societies where they live. Peace and tranquility are may be rare if structures are not put in place to help control delinquent behaviors that are likely to be shown where different people from various social and cultural backgrounds exist. Crime and delinquency threaten humans’ existence. Certain behaviors are abhorred by various societies becauseRead MoreThe Moral Development And Value Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude where the majority of an individual’s morality is learned and how those teachings can be influenced by society. This paper will explore one of Lawrence Kohlberg’s stories concerning moral dilemma and the stages of development found in the numerous answers to that dilemma. My answer to Kohlberg’s dilemma will be captured and discussed too. Possible variations to moral value when strangers become a player in the dilemma. Ways in which morality does impact our interaction with our environmentRead MoreThe Theory Of Moral Development Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment was developed by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg and is a very interesting subject that stemmed from Jean Piaget’s theory of moral reasoning. this theory helped us to develop the understanding that morality starts from the early childhood years and can be affected by several factors. This theory encompasses the ideas that moral reasoning, which is considered the basis for moral behavior, has six identifiable developmental stages. According to Kohlberg the six stages of moral development areRead MoreKohlbergs Theory Of Moral Development Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesLawrence Kohlberg is best known for his theory of moral development. This is a psychological theory which Kohlberg was influenced by psychologists Jean Piaget and John Dewey stage of development. Kohlberg developed most of his ideas based on Piaget s theory of cognitive development. Accordingly, the theory of moral development consists of three levels of moral reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Additionally, it is broken down into two stages per level. Pe-conventionalRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Sexual Development1652 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud Interview Questions Anthony: How is morality developed in children? Freud: There is a three part process to the psyche structure that comprises of unique features that interact to form a whole. These parts consist of the id, the ego, and the superego. Each part of this structure makes a relative contribution to the child’s behavior. The id is the unconscious part of the structure which responds immediately to instincts. The ego mediates between the unrealistic id and the real worldRead MoreCognitive Control And Social Control Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesBurnett, Blakemore, S. J., 2008). There are two major aspects when it comes to adolescence: cognitive control and social control. The cognitive control focuses more on supervisory functions such as our working memory, decision making, self-consciousness, and attention distribution; while, the social control supports the individual being more sociable, forming more complex relationships and becoming more sensitive to acceptance and rejection by others (Steinberg, L. Morris, A. S., 2001). Th e adolescence

A Critique of Dantes Patriotism Essay Example For Students

A Critique of Dantes Patriotism Essay Dante: A Patriot Through Inferno Patriotism is respect and devotion toward a state which brings about unity and justice. It is believed to be a positive quality. In the time of Dante, it would have been considered to be a principal quality of a person. Patriotism was held to the highest regard. In turn, the act of being unpatriotic was a serious offense. Early scholars such as Machiavelli believed unpatriotic acts or beliefs to be evil, even equivalent to the act of murder. Dante is often criticized as being unpatriotic toward his home town of Florence in his divine comedy Inferno. Although he does harshly criticize Florence, Dante remains patriotic because he is standing up against evils in the name of justice, which is a patriotic act. Dante Alighieri was born in Florence, Italy in 1265. At the time of Dantes birth, Florence was a prosperous city-state, full of greedy merchants and warring political factions. The two most influential families in Florence were the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. The Guelphs were supporters of the Pope and the Ghibellines supported the German emperor, who claimed power in Italy. In 1266, the Guelphs, with whom Dantes family was associated and aided by the French, gained power. The Ghibellines were ousted from power forever. By 1295 the Guelphs were firmly established and many of the Ghibellines were in exile. At this time the Guelphs split into two factions: the Whites and the Blacks. The White Guelphs were members of the Cerci family, and the Black Guelphs were members of the Donati family. The White faction decided to prosecute the Blacks for going to ask the Pope to intervene on their behalf. Dante was one of the White magistrates responsible for this decision. During his term Dante had to banish his own brother-in-law who was a ringleader for the Blacks. After much bloodshed the Blacks were banished from Florence. The next year the Blacks conspired with Pope Boniface VIII. Together they devised a plan to turn on the Whites and admit back the Blacks. The Blacks then tried many of the White leaders. Among them was Dante. About six hundred, including Dante, were sentenced to death if they were ever caught in Florence again. While in exile, the White Guelphs attempted to re-establish a monarchy in Italy by putting Henry of Luxemborg on the throne. Their efforts were futile. Dante was exiled in 1302 and never again returned to his home town. He would never forget the corruption that existed at the time of his exile. In his life, he would make an effort to free Florence from the evils through his writing. Dante criticizes his home town for being a place of corruption and evil. In his criticism there is hope for purification. Dante scolds Florence in the same manner that a father scolds a child. The father scolds the child out of love with the intention of making the child the best person possible. By making apparent the evils and corruption of Florence, Florence has a chance to be saved. In the Sixth Circle of Hell Dante notices sepulchers or burial vaults in which the lids have all been lifted and no guardian is watching over them (Alighieri 10.7-9). Within the Sixth Circle of Hell Dante comes upon a Florentine named Farinata degli Uberti. Farinatas first question for Dante is Who were your ancestors? (10.42). This immediately defines the strong relationship between family and politics during the time of Dante. The relationship between Dante and Farinata is one of aversion yet respect. There is certainly no love between them and Dante show this when telling of Farinatas family history. He states, If they were driven outthey still returned, both times, from every quarter; but yours were never quick to learn that art (10.49-51). Dante refers to his own family being exiled twice and both times returning to regain power. .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .postImageUrl , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:hover , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:visited , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:active { border:0!important; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:active , .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12d17868035a95ebca64ce300645908c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Eating Healthy Essay He then refers to the one and only time the Ghibellines were exiled and their inability to overcome defeat. This shows the tension between them. However, Dante refers to Farinata as magnamino or great-hearted one (10.73). This is a show of Dantes respect for Farinata. He respects him for his courage in .

ARH Contemporary Art Robert Rauschenberg Essay Example For Students

ARH Contemporary Art Robert Rauschenberg Essay The article, Rauschenbergs Development, talks about the journey and risk Rauschenbergs takes in developing his own style. Breaking away from the constraints of art world at the time he was able to express himself in a bold, exciting and at times controversial way. He was fascinated with social as well as political life i. e. Newspapers and incorporated these elements as well as those of his own life and many found objects to create a tapestry of life as he saw it. In the late 1950s he came under the influence of Marcel Duchamp, and with his friend Jasper Johns, Rauschenberg became a pivotal figure in the emerging pop art movement. His enormously inventive paintings, some of which incorporate silkscreen, include everyday images and objects and are executed in a loose, spontaneous style. He has also experimented a lot with assemblage the famous Monogram which incorporates a whole stuffed angora goat encircled by an automobile tire, is characteristic of his three-dimensional collages known as combines, which he created between 1954 to 1964. Some of the works that were characterized by Rauschenbergs combine theory that are mentioned in the article are Ace, Charlene, and the Black and White paintings, as well as others. Rauschenberg incorporated many elements other than canvas and paint into these pieces. Elements of collage were incorporated, as well as found objects. He called this process assemblage. Rauschenberg broke down barriers between painting and sculpture by incorporating everyday objects such as Coca-Cola bottles, clothing, newspaper clippings, taxidermied animals, and photographs. In addition to breaking down barriers between painting and sculpture, he was also breaking down barriers between the art world and the outside world. By including everyday objects he was making references to popular culture. This pop culture referencing would later explode into the pop-art movement of the 1960s. Rauschenberg was an enigma in the sense that no one really knew whether his combines were purely random or if there was meaning in ever placed object. In the article he says, A pair of socks is no less suitable to make a painting with than wood, nails, turpentine, oil and fabric? I think that he is saying that there is no difference what you use and that makes him sound indifferent because I would think every artist has a particular medium that they feel represents them the best. Rauschenberg seems to have no such distinctions or maybe is he being aloof to take away from the fact that his combines are in fact very meaningful to him? For me art shouldnt be a fixed idea that I have before I start making it. I want it to include all the fragility and doubt that I go through the day with. Sometimes Ill take a walk just to forget whatever good idea I had that day because I like to go into the studio not having any ideas. I want the insecurity of not knowing, like performers feel before a performance. Everything I can remember, and everything I know, I have probably already done, or somebody else has.

Barriers to Entry and Competitive Force Analysis Essay Example

Barriers to Entry and Competitive Force Analysis Paper I. INTRODUCTION Company Vision To have a Lamoiyan product in every home. Company Mission Improve the quality of life by bringing essential products within the reach of the common people. Corporate Values Pursuit of Excellence Doing things better than before and better than competitors. Respect for the Individual Values individuality by treating each other with fairness. Social Responsibility Making our presence a blessing to society. Teamwork Reaching collectively goals that we cannot reach separately. Integrity Doing things right Company Background In late 1970’s Cecilio Kwok Pedro’s Aluminum Container Incorporated became the major supplier of alluminum collapsible toothpaste tubes to Colgate-Palmolive, Procter and Gamble, and Philippine Refining Company (Unilever). However, in 1985, these companies started using plastic laminated tubes. Dr. Pedro closed his company but was able to realize that his equipments can still be put to good use. Two years later (1988), Dr. Pedro opened the doors to Lamoiyan. That time, the toothpaste industry was dominated by multinational companies namely Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever. Lamoiyan’s strategy was to target the weak point of these companies which is price. The company did not choose to compete head-on with Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever, hence it did a niche strategy. Dr. Pedro was able to develop multi-flavoured toothpaste for children. The company also introduced Hapee Gold for consumers in their 40s and 50s. Red and Green Sparkling Gel was developed to target the teenagers. With perseverance and effective advertising, and by selling his product at a price 30% lower than the leading brands, Dr. Pedro succeeded in making Hapee the No. toothpaste brand in the country. The company engaged itself in community outreach sponsoring schools and sports teams as a way of giving back to the community. Dr. Pedro also employed many hearing-impaired graduates of the school founded by the Deaf Evangelistic Allience Foundation Inc. (DEAF). He know that these community efforts made it harder for the multinationals to attack his company aggressively. With the en try of Zest-O Corporation’s BEAM toothpaste which is priced cheaper that Hapee, Lamoiyan decided to introduce Kutitap as the new, lowest priced toothpaste available. We will write a custom essay sample on Barriers to Entry and Competitive Force Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Barriers to Entry and Competitive Force Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Barriers to Entry and Competitive Force Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While Kutitap had achieved only 1. 1% market share by 2002, the new product was growing rapidly and as a consequence, BEAM’s market share had fallen to 6. 6% in 2002. The company also diversified its product line to include Dazz Dishwashing Paste, Dazz Dishwashing Liquid, Dazz All-Purpose Kitchen Cleaner, Tenderly fabric softener, and Fresher feminine wash. In November of 2004, Lamoiyan has earmarked P100 million to expand its business and establish presence in neighboring countries such as Vietnam, China, and Indonesia. II. Analysis of Macroenvironment Political The political system contained an executive, legislative, and judicial branch and functioned as a democratic state under President Macapagal-Arroyo. Ms. Macapagal Arroyo took office in January 2011 after Former President Joseph Estrada was impeached on charges of nepotism and corruption. The transition from Estrada, who was considered â€Å"president of the poor,† to Macapagal-Arroyo, who desired to strengthen competition and liberalize trade, unleashed considerable political uncertainty and a recession threat in late 2000 but, by 2002, the instability had mostly subsided. Economic The 1997 Asian financial crisis, the political instability, and the 2001 global economic downswing all adversely affected the Philippine economy, however growth in recent years suggested a modest recovery. The 2002 real GDP reached US$77. 1 billion, reflecting an 8% increase from 2001, and export revenues in 2000 totaled US$35 billion, more than four times the amount in 1990. In 2002, however, the Philippines fell 13 places to 61st out of 80 countries in the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report, an index based on countries’ expected five year capita GDP growth As the country modernized throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the agricultural sector shrank, the services sector grew, and the manufacturing sector remained fairly constant. In 2002, GDP was distributed as follows: 45% services, 35% industrial, and 20% agricultural. Inequitable distribution of wealth plagued the Philippines, as the average income of the richest 10% was fourteen times that of the poorest 10%. Forty percent of the population lived in poverty. Socio-cultural Although the national language is tagalong, with over 80 distinct dialects, English was widely spoken and was the medium of communication in business and higher education. At 94%, the Philippines boasted one of the highest literacy rates in the world, and the highest in South-east Asia, including Hong Kong and Taiwan. Technological In 2002, 66% of toothpaste sold in the Philippines was packed in plastic tubes while 10% was in aluminium tubes, with sizes ranging from 25 ml to 150 ml. The remaining 24% of toothpaste sales consisted of 10 ml sachets. Labor Over 90% of the business in the Philippines employed fewer than ten people each, and in 2002 approximately 11% of the labor force was unemployed Demographic The Philippines, located off the south-eastern coast of mainland Asia, consisted of 7,100 islands covering a total land area of 115,830 square miles. The Philippine population exceeded 80 million in 2002, and was expected to grow at 2% annually through 2007. The islands were divided into three geographic areas: The southern island of Mindanao, the central islands of the Visayas, and the northern and largest island of Luzon, which contained the country’s capital, Manila. Almost half of the population lived in urban areas, and over 10 million resided in Metro Manila, which covered only 245 sq. mi. III. Analysis of the Task Environment The task environment is usually the environment that companies focus on. It helps the company to specifically identify environmental factors that are important in the company’s success. It typically includes the competitors, customers, suppliers, and strategic partners. Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School has developed a framework for industry analysis and business strategy which he called the Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. Porter’s five forces include three forces from the ‘horizontal competition’: Threat of substitute products, threat of established rivals, and the threat of new entrants; and two forces from the ‘vertical competition’: the bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining power of customers. To help the company become more profitable, this section shall provide an industry analysis using Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIER IS LOW The Bargaining power of the supplier is also described as the market of inputs. A company needs raw materials for them to offer products or services. Such raw materials include labor, components, and other supplies. These requirements lead to buyer-supplier relationship between the industry and the firm that provides the raw materials used to create the product or to deliver the service. Suppliers, if powerful, can exert an influence on the industry, such as selling raw materials at a high price to capture some of the industry’s profits. The following table is an analysis of the factors that determine the power of supplier. DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE FORCEANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTIMPACT TO COMPETITIVE FORCE Dominated by a few companiesLowDecrease Not obliged to contend with other substitute products for sale in the industryLowDecrease Industry is not an important customer of the supplier groupLowDecrease Suppliers’ product is an important input to buyer’s businessHighIncrease Supplier group’s product are differentiated or it has built up switching costLowDecrease Buyers pose a credible threat of forward integrationHighIncrease BARGAINING POWER OF CUSTOMERS IS HIGH The power of buyers is the impact that customers have on a producing industry. In general, when buyer power is strong, the relationship to the producing industry is near to what an economist terms a monopsony a market in which there are many suppliers and one buyer. Under such market conditions, the buyer sets the price. In reality few pure monopsonies exist, but frequently there is some asymmetry between a producing industry and buyers. The following is an analysis of the factors affecting buyer’s power. DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE FORCEANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTIMPACT TO COMPETITIVE FORCE Purchases large volumes relative to seller salesHighIncrease Products purchased from the industry represent a significant fraction of the buyer’s cost or purchaseHighIncrease Products purchased from the industry are standard or undifferentiatedHighIncrease Faces few switching costLowIncrease Earns low profitsHighIncrease Buyers pose a credible threat of backward integrationLowDecrease THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS IS LOW It is not only incumbent rivals that pose a threat to firms in an industry; the possibility that new firms may enter the industry also affects competition. In theory, any firm should be able to enter and exit a market, and if free entry and exit exists, then profits always should be nominal. In reality, however, industries possess characteristics that protect the high profit levels of firms in the market and inhibit additional rivals from entering the market. These are barriers to entry. Barriers to entry are more than the normal equilibrium adjustments that markets typically make. For example, when industry profits increase, we would expect additional firms to enter the market to take advantage of the high profit levels, over time driving down profits for all firms in the industry. When profits decrease, we would expect some firms to exit the market thus restoring market equilibrium. Falling prices, or the expectation that future prices will fall, deters rivals from entering a market. Firms also may be reluctant to enter markets that are extremely uncertain, especially if entering involves expensive start-up costs. These are normal accommodations to market conditions. But if firms individually (collective action would be illegal collusion) keep prices artificially low as a strategy to prevent potential entrants from entering the market, such entry-deterring pricing establishes a barrier. Barriers to entry are unique industry characteristics that define the industry. Barriers reduce the rate of entry of new firms, thus maintaining a level of profits for those already in the industry. From a strategic perspective, barriers can be created or exploited to enhance a firms competitive advantage. DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE FORCEANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTIMPACT TO COMPETITIVE FORCE Economies of ScaleHighDecrease Product DifferentiationLowIncrease Capital RequirementsHighDecrease Switching CostLowIncrease Access to Distribution ChannelsHighDecrease Cost of Disadvantages Independent of ScaleHighDecrease Government PolicyHighDecrease THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCT IS LOW In Porters model, substitute products refer to products in other industries. To the economist, a threat of substitutes exists when a products demand is affected by the price change of a substitute product. A products price elasticity is affected by substitute products as more substitutes become available, the demand becomes more elastic since customers have more alternatives. A close substitute product constrains the ability of firms in an industry to raise prices. DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE FORCEANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTIMPACT TO COMPETITIVE FORCE Available and priced attractivelyHighIncrease Buyers view the substitute as comparable or betterLowDecrease Cost that the buyer incursHighDecrease COMPETITIVE RIVALRY BETWEEN INDUSTRY IS HIGH With the real estate industry booming here in the Philippines, more and more companies develop strategic plans on how to capture more clients. DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE FORCEANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTIMPACT TO COMPETITIVE FORCE Numerous of Equally Balanced CompetitorsHighIncrease Industry GrowthHighIncrease Fixed or Storage CostLowIncrease Lack of DifferentiationHighIncrease Capacity Augmented in Large IncrementsLowDecrease Diverse CompetitorsHighIncrease Strategic StakesHighIncrease Exit BarriersHighDecrease IV. PROBLEM How can Lamoiyan Corporation increase its market share without the multinationals attacking the company aggressively? V. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION Strategy A: Tap a different market Explanation: Conduct business-to-business structure by tapping the hotel industry and the airlines. The company will be the exclusive distributor of toothpaste and other hygienic products of different hotels and airline companies PROSCONS The strategic move will not provoke aggressive attacks by the multinational companiesThe company needs to provide personalized packages for each of the hotel or airline company It will provide a higher income for the company incurring minimal fixed cost due to existing machineries for production Strategy B: Product Improvement Explanation: Improve the existing product in terms of its effect on mouth and breath, which is the top two concern of most users. It is also the factor that receives most complaints among users. The price, however, will not change. PROSCONS In can address the needs and wants of the target market, thus the possibility of increased sales May lower profit margins since production cost per unit will increase while the price remains the same It serves as a competitive advantage of the product offering the same benefits as that of the multinationals’ products but in a lower price Strategy C: Put up a factory and warehouse in the Vis-Min Area Explanation: Deficit in product availability is one factor that contributes to the growth slowdown of the company. Hapee toothpaste has low to very love store presence in grocery stores, sari-sari stores, market stalls, and drugstores in the Vis-Min area especially in Mindanao. Having a provincial warehouse and factory in Vis-Min Area will most likely to increase the availability rate of the product in that area. PROSCONS Product will be highly available in the areaThe company needs a large sum of money in capital investment Lower distribution cost due to near warehouses with respect to distribution outletsThere is higher risk because of patronage and loyalty non-assurance VI. RECOMMENDATION: Employ the combination of strategy A and B. When you know that your competitor is a big company, you do not compete head-on. They will just kill you! You cannot employ big plans as they do for this will trigger them to attack you aggressively. It is best to employ strategies which they can’t notice or if noticed, they wouldn’t mind at all. This way, you can capture their market little by little without them noticing it that much. What is good about strategy A is that multinational companies do not focus much in business-to-business transactions. They find the consumer market as a more profitable market. Hence, going into business-to-business transaction will not trigger the multinationals to be aggressive on you. On the other hand, product improvement will capture the market’s attention as they primarily purchase products of value. If they see that your product offers the same benefits their current product offers and you sell it in a lower price, they are most likely to switch brands. But due to customer loyalty, not the totality of the market will shift into your brand. Probably, only a few will due, but the point here is that you were able to capture a portion, may it be small, of their market. Strategy C is not recommended due to a very high capital investment in building up a factory in the Vis-Min Area, moreover, there is no assurance that the sales will compensate the investment easily due to certain factors such as customer loyalty. Thus, employing the combination of strategies A and B is seen as the best move for the company in order for it to increase its market share without triggering an aggressive attack from the multinationals.

Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451

In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 the theme, man verse society is demonstrated by Bradbury’s character, Guy Montag by comparing the two different outlooks of society in the world he lives in. In this novel of a fireman, Montag faces society and must deal with it on his own. â€Å"Nobody listens anymore†(pg.82). The society does not listen to people only the television that controls society. The television turned into a brainwashing machine rather than leisure entertainment. â€Å" I just want someone to listen to what I have to say† (pg.82). Montag must deal against everyone because everyone thinks the same as one another. He has no one to turn to because no one will listen to him or agree with him besides the very few that are out there. Montag explains to Professor Faber how he has to deal with society. Nobody listens any more. I can’t talk to the walls because they’re yelling at me. I can’t talk to my wife; she listens to the walls. I just want someone to hear what I have to say. And maybe if I talk long enough, it’ll make sense. And I want you to teach me to understand what I read. (Pg.82) The whole society that Montag lives in is brainwashed by the television. The television has the control over the entire society, over everything and everyone. Montag starts to understand the world more than behind a screen when he meets a girl named, Clarisse. Since everyone is brainwashed and gullible to whatever is thrown at them Montag feels he is alone. Montag dealt with his problems and did everything he could including leaving his past behind. Montag must also deal with himself, which creates the theme, man verse self. â€Å"About what?, Me,? My house? (pg.135). This is when the police where after Montag because they know he knows how everything really is. Montag had to deal with secret information within him. â€Å" But I did not speak, and thus became guilty myself†(pg.82). He couldn’t deal with the things he knew and felt like some... Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 Imagine a world where houses are fire proof, highways are ten lanes across, and firemen are called to begin fires not to put an end to them. In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, all of these are a reality in everyday life. Each house in the novel is fireproof, bringing about drastic changes in the roles of firefighters. Firefighters now begin fires, rather than extinguish them as they do today. On a number of occasions throughout the novel, the mechanical hound appears. This is a robotic dog at the firehouse which takes the place of the common firehouse Dalmatian that today’s society is familiar with. In the world in this novel, if people were reported to have books in their possession, the books as well as the home in which they were being hidden would be destroyed by the firefighters. The views of society towards literature are the opposite of today’s society. Changes in technology, attitudes of people in society, partnered with many other events in the st ory contribute greatly to the science fiction theme in Fahrenheit 451. In the novel the role of firefighters has changed drastically. Firefighters are called to burn books, as well as the houses that the books are being stored in, instead of extinguishing fires. â€Å"And so when houses were finally fire-proofed completely, all over the world, there was no longer need of firemen for the old purposes.† Captain Beatty explaining to Guy Montag why the roles of firemen have changed. (58). On the wall of the firehouse is posted a set of rules of how firemen are now supposed to go about their jobs. â€Å"Answer the alarm, start fire, burn everything, return to firehouse, stand alert for other alarms.† (35). â€Å"Kerosene.† â€Å"They pumped the cold fluid from the numbered 451 tanks strapped to their shoulders, they coated each book, they pumped rooms full of it.† (38). After responding to an alarm, the men are drenching the house of an old woman with kerosene because the hou... Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 FAHRENHEIT 451 Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 reflects Bradbury’s views on both censorship and conformity besides many other things. His opposition to both censorship and book burning is demonstrated through the characters feelings and thoughts. Originally written in 1951 as the Fireman (Beachams), Fahrenheit 451(symbolically named because that is the temperature at which paper burns) quickly became one of Bradbury’s best known and most acclaimed novels. In the novel the future is a lot different from the society we have come accustomed to and know well, books aren't read; they're burned. That's the premise of FAHRENHEIT 451(brookingbook). Guy Montag, a fireman who burns books (and the houses they're found in), loves his job - until he meets a young woman who causes him to start reading the books he once regarded as kindling. Full of surprises and brilliant insights on the importance of literacy, Bradbury's classic just might frighten you into reading more. His unique styles and artistic development keep the reader entertained and uncertain throughout the novel. The futuristic firemen seek out and burn books. It is a crime, in this society, to own or read books. Trivial information, in this culture, is good, and knowledge is evil. People receive all of their culture through television walls that are built right into their houses. Guy Montag is a fireman who loves his work. He likes nothing better than to spray kerosene on a pile of books and watch the pages curl and turn into flakes of black ash that flutter through the air. This is shown when the Montag said, â€Å" It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed†. (Bradbury 14) This statement shows how Guy was so sure of his feeling, until the day he meets Clarisse, a young girl who has been told about a world of books, thoughts, and ideas. Their conversations precipitate a crisis of faith in Guy, and he begins to s... Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 (1.) Fahrenheit 451†¦The Temperature at Which Books Burn By: Ray Bradbury Copyright 1953 by Ray Bradbury 179 pages Fahrenheit 451 portrays censorship in the future through the fictional story of one man, Guy Montag, who undergoes an â€Å"awakening† by realizing the significance of his actions and the need to express the ideas that were bring oppressed by the future government. (2.) Guy Montag is a fireman who appears to be heartily supportive and contributive to the burning of books, which is normal because firemen in the conformist future burn books for a living. He meets Clarisse McClellan, a sixteen year old idealist with strong convictions against the social structure that oppresses individual thinking and demands conformity. Clarisse opens his mind to new concepts and from then on he begins to perceive the world differently. One day, Guy and the other firemen have to burn down the book-infested house of an elderly lady who refuses to leave her house and her books, s o she burns! to the ground with her books making Guy realize that â€Å"There must be something in books, things we can’t imagine, to make a woman stay in a burning house; there must be something there.† (p.51) Guy sneaks two books from the lady’s home and as the time goes by, he secretly reads many books until his wife discovers his secret and turns him in. After that, Guy burns his firehouse and the men in it to evade being caught and as a result becomes the most wanted fugitive in his country. Guy escapes successfully and works with a small group of revolutionaries to restore the respect and circulation of books. (3.) The title of the book, Fahrenheit 451†¦The Temperature at Which Books Burn, is significant because it is a metaphor for real life and it is used as a prominent symbol in the book. Fahrenheit 451 is the temperature at which books are burn. The firemen know this because they work with burning books everyday. The â€Å"Book People† dread this temper at... Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 Fahrenheit 451 is a science fiction novel, but not all of its elements and messages are fictional. Some of them are very much at large in today’s world. The biggest example would be media’s control and influence over every society. Throughout history, and in every existent society, media has always played a key role in determining the norm of any given society. Among these similarities are the ways the media is able to censor what we see, the way media portrays and leads people into believing what the media wants them to believe, and the way the media is slowly turning society into mindless zombies. Fahrenheit 451 was written during a time when there was a widespread fear of communism, more commonly known as the Red Scare. During this time, anything that was thought to be a communist idea, or rather anything that was anti-capitalist was banned or confiscated. The same thing happened in Germany. Any book, any song, anything that was created by a Jew was banned. Only books that were supporting the ideas of Hitler were allowed, and in fact, it was a law to own the book, Mein Kamph, which was written by Hitler himself. To censor is to remove or ban anything regarded as harmful or of an offending nature. However, it is solely up to the authorities to decide what should be censored and what should not. This censorship is portrayed in the novel by the burning of books. At first it seems that the books are being burnt simply because they believe that knowledge is a bad thing, and the knowledge leads to conflicts and thus unhappiness. Even though this is part of the reason of the burning of books, it is not all of it. Captain Beatty explains that every book, in one way or another put down or insulted one of the many minorities, and the more power each minority gained, the more difficult it was for the author to please everybody: â€Å"Don’t step on the toes of the dog lovers, the cat lovers, doctors, lawyers, merchants, chiefs, Mormo... Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 The book entitled â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† was written by Ray Bradbury in 1953, to reincarnate the idea of fire men burning books in a futuristic society populated by non-readers and non-thinkers that he originally came up with in his previous work â€Å"The Fire Man.† Set in the 24th century, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† tells the story of a man named Guy Montag who, at the beginning of the story, is content with his job as a â€Å"fire man.† In actuality of course, he is one of the men who burns houses and the books that occupy them. Shortly thereafter, however, Guy begins to develop a friendship with his 16 year-old neighbor Clarisse McClellan. She has such an outlook on human life as it is, and is so inquisitive, that Guy begins to examine himself. He realizes that he is unhappy in his marriage to his wife, Millie. He begins to wonder why books have been banned. Later, while at the scene of a book collection he is to burn, Guy steals a book for his personal use. The next day, Guy is visited by his boss, Captain Beatty. Beatty hints that he, somehow, knows that Montag is in possession of a book and lectures Montag about the offensiveness of books. Unsure as to what to do next, Montag recalls meeting a retired professor, Faber, a year earlier and discussing with the old man the value of ideas. He decides to visit Faber, who is at first afraid to speak with him, fearing that he will be the firemen's next victim. However, as the two men grow to trust one another, Faber becomes a mentor to Montag, sharing insight with the fireman and conspiring with him to have copies of his books made. Quickly though, the fire men are called to an alarm. Montag is stunned to find that it is his home that is to be burned. Beatty and Montag engage in a scuffle and Beatty is killed via flame-thrower. At once the Mechanical Hound, a computerized attack dog that can track down any human being, pursues him. It stabs him in the leg with a needle, before he is able to anni... Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 The book â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† talks about a man, who is a protagonist. His name is Guy Montag, and he is a 30-year-old firefighter, who makes a living by burning books. Books to be in a house in the future are illegal. He loves his job, but later on in the novel, he feels that his life is empty, without meaning. He feels that everything has no meaning, his life, wife, and job. He realizes this when he meets up with a neighbor, a 16 year old girl. Montag steals a book from a house he is burning down, and keeps it and begins to read it, everyone that knows of this is frightened for him. Montag becomes close friends with a former English Professor, and begins to read. Montag’s boss gives him a hard time, and Montag resorts to murder. His wife is Mildred Montag, she has no meaning in life too. She forgot the meaning of happiness, and all day she sits and watches television. Mildred later tries to commit suicide by overdosing on pills. She later leaves her house, and her husband because of the book Guy Montag had brought home. The neighbor is Clarisse McClellan, and she is the one that opens up Guy Montag’s eyes to the world. She questions him, showing him that there is more to his life. She is later killed in the novel. Captain Beatty is the head of the fire department, his job is to destroy all books in sight. Montag later murders him, and he does not fight back against it either. Professor Faber is a former English teacher. He gives Montag inspiration to keep doing what he believes in. Montag later inspires him because how of he is daring to stand up against society. Guy Montag is a man who burns books for a living. He soon begins to question himself about his work, and his wife. He is saddened about his wife, who does nothing but listens to the radio and watch television. He becomes good friends with a 16-year-old girl, who shows him the way. He later wonders what makes a book so dangerous and illegal. Montag later steals a book... Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 Set in the 24th century, Fahrenheit 451 tells the story of the central character, Guy Montag, who at the start of the story takes pleasure in his profession as a fireman whose job is not to put out fires - houses are now fireproofed - but rather to set fires to burn books, which are contraband, and the houses in which they are kept illegally. Montag soon begins to question the value of his profession and, in turn, his life. As he develops a friendship with his teenaged neighbor, Clarisse McClellan, the girl's humanistic outlook and inquisitive nature prompts Montag to examine himself. He realizes that he is unhappy in his relationship with his wife, Millie, who is unwilling to deal with reality and instead chooses to immerse herself in an addiction to tranquilizers the virtual world provided her by television and radio. He is unfulfilled by his occupation as a book burner, and discontent with his society, which seems unconcerned with reports of an impending war, he begins to wonder what it is about books that make them such a danger. Driven by his increasing uneasiness, Montag steals a book from a collection that he has been sent to burn. Soon after, he is shaken when the owner of the books, an older woman, refuses to leave her home, which is to be burned to the ground. Instead, the woman sets fire to her house herself, and remains there as it - and she - is destroyed by flames. That a person could feel so strongly about books and the information contained therein makes Montag realize that perhaps the key to the happiness he lacks lies in the written word. He returns home sick to his stomach, made so by the scene he has witnessed and the thought that he has been an instrument of destruction rather than service during his ten-year career. When he learns that Clarisse had been killed, hit by a speeding car his condition worsens. The next day, Montag is visited by his boss, the abrasive and patronizing Captain Beatty. Beatty hints th... Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 the theme, man verse society is demonstrated by Bradbury’s character, Guy Montag by comparing the two different outlooks of society in the world he lives in. In this novel of a fireman, Montag faces society and must deal with it on his own. â€Å"Nobody listens anymore†(pg.82). The society does not listen to people only the television that controls society. The television turned into a brainwashing machine rather than leisure entertainment. â€Å" I just want someone to listen to what I have to say† (pg.82). Montag must deal against everyone because everyone thinks the same as one another. He has no one to turn to because no one will listen to him or agree with him besides the very few that are out there. Montag explains to Professor Faber how he has to deal with society. Nobody listens any more. I can’t talk to the walls because they’re yelling at me. I can’t talk to my wife; she listens to the walls. I just want someone to hear what I have to say. And maybe if I talk long enough, it’ll make sense. And I want you to teach me to understand what I read. (Pg.82) The whole society that Montag lives in is brainwashed by the television. The television has the control over the entire society, over everything and everyone. Montag starts to understand the world more than behind a screen when he meets a girl named, Clarisse. Since everyone is brainwashed and gullible to whatever is thrown at them Montag feels he is alone. Montag dealt with his problems and did everything he could including leaving his past behind. Montag must also deal with himself, which creates the theme, man verse self. â€Å"About what?, Me,? My house? (pg.135). This is when the police where after Montag because they know he knows how everything really is. Montag had to deal with secret information within him. â€Å" But I did not speak, and thus became guilty myself†(pg.82). He couldn’t deal with the things he knew and felt like some... Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 Nobody likes to be told what to do. Censorship is not right we have natural rights and they should be honored. We shouldn’t be told what to do and our natural rights shouldn’t be violated. If so you should have the right to at least start the process of impeachment of the president or person in which ever political position. We do listen to our government for laws and we do follow what they say to a certain extent as long as are natural rights aren’t effected. We have natural rights in which we are granted when were born. These are now represented in the bill of rights and constitution, in which we didn’t always have. Also not all countries have these, but as for in the United States we have documents (constitution and bill of rights), to keep are government from having to much control over us. Not only this but we have put systems into play like checks and balance. In the book â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† the government tries to tell people what to do and it backfires. Since they tried to control the lives of people by basically brainwashing them. The government put advertisements all over on billboards, huge billboards. They made people rely on â€Å"the family† instead of actually interacting with other people. The â€Å"family substitutes all natural thinking, people are basically just told what to think; and aren’t encouraged to think elsewhere. They also banned books from anyone to further extend the discontinuation of thinking. There’s always a couple people who are different though and still think. These people, some at least create pockets of people that feel the same way. Gathered together forming a rebellion almost. People will stand up for what they believe in so you cant control people for good. With these pockets of people against the government it creates much disturbance. Rather then have the people create there government and everyone would be for it. The rebelling people basically want to overthrow it rather then ... Free Essays on Fahrenheit 451 An Overview of Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is the epitome of censorship in America. Guy Montag, the protagonist, is a fireman whose sole job is to burn books and the homes of people who harbor them. Montag’s life is unfulfilled and dictated by ignorance until he meets Clarisse McClellan, whose character is a catalyst. Clarisse’s ability to see the beauty of life around her awakens a sense of curiosity in Montag as well his ability for intellectual thought. It is through Clarisse that Montag begins to understand that books represent awareness and knowledge. The introduction of Professor Faber is also significant in that his character is well educated and ultimately believes that burning books leaves people less enlightened. The professor has memorized literary works in the hopes that one day he will be called upon to recite them so that they may be re-written. Captain Beatty is another essential character. While Beatty’s character vehemently detests books and those who read them, paradoxically, he is well educated and often includes literary references in each of his conversations with Montag. While the supporting characters such as Millie, Mrs. Phelps and Mrs. Bowels add dimension with their respective story lines, the exclusion of any of these characters would not detract from the story’s overall theme. These characters do not have the influence over the protagonist that Clarisse, Professor Faber and Captain Beatty have throughout the story....

Assignment 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assignment 7 - Essay Example There are three main components that every person as well as design should observe so that the feelings of the people involved are competently taken care of. The three aspects that need to be taken into account so that feelings of other people are taken seriously especially in design include appearance, behavior and their experiences or expressions. The three aspects need to be appreciated in the interaction with each individual so that they are able to connect with us. First, appearance or the visceral aspect as described by Norman (2004) describes the way we are able to appreciate how individuals react to the outward appearance of the product design. It is even imperative that we understand that appearance is even more important that functionality since most people are likely to perceive attractive things to be more user friendly than unattractive ones regardless of the real facts. The design should also take into account of the likely impact it may have on the pleasure or effectiv eness that will be attained by the potential users. In effect, to be able to seriously take into consideration the people’s feelings, we should be able to provide them with products that are likely to revitalize their fond memories. Lastly, it is important that the products reflect the individual’s rational and intellectual principles and that they are able to associate with it by even giving an explanation of how it functions. Norman (2004) has suggested that computers should therefore take the emotional component through well designed programs that are able to take into account the user’s feelings. It is quite strange but equally hilarious to think that computers can have emotions or at least, have an element of creating emotions. To some extent, I agree with the writer to the extent that computers and other digitech products should have basic elements of emotions so that they are able to be more users friendly. Whereas there is a big challenge of perfectly cr eating programs that will be faultlessly respond to different emotions and handle different personalities, it is important that computers are able to create some aesthetic value apart from the normal usability features. It is important that computers and other technological products are able to identify with historical and memorable events that people are able to connect them and not view them as insensitive tools. The writer is therefore right when he states that there should be a human part in the working of machines. He gives a good example of robots that he believes should do more than just assigned tasks so that they are viewed as more capable. However, in as much as the concerns of the writer may be genuine in addressing this great weakness of computer related design, it is still inconceivable to think that computers will perfectly fit to relay emotions and relate with different personalities. Like every being has different emotional frame and they may vary according to the en vironment or some historical happening among other things, computers may need to have complex systems that will integrate all these aspects in a single program that is likely to take immense efforts and massive resources to achieve. A2. The Philosopher’s Tool Kit Wittkower (2008) has raised an important component in product design by using the example of an iPod and the philosophy behind its much fanatical following. The author raises four pertinent issues that consumers may want

Competition Mergers of Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Competition Mergers of Companies - Essay Example It provides communication and entertainment answers to the majority of countries in the European Union. CaixaBank is a financial enterprise that is controlled entirely by the La Caixa Group of companies. It is the parent company of La Caixa Companies that deal with banking and other related activities. It mainly operates in Spain and other European countries and the international presence are felt through strategic alliances with key financial institutions. Banco Santander is the main company of the Banco Group of companies that deals major in international banking. It is active in retail banking, asset management, insurance and investment banking in most of the European Countries. Telefonica, CaixaBank and Banco Santander merge to form a new company. The companies are the notifying parties in the creation of Newco. The notifying companies provide the relevant documents that are used in the merger control of the joint venture. Newco will be active in Spain and it will develop an ecosystem that will be able to offer its members with numerous services. The services will be available online and will be accessible by many individuals online. Each of the Notifying parties will hold equal shareholding in Newco. They will have equal chances to exercise control over the company. It means that they will have a joint control over the Newco. Newco is expected to perform the functions of an economic enterprise in Spain. There will be a management team that will be run the day to day activities of the company. The management team will have access to the resources of the company that include finance and the assets of the company. The company will provide online services to numerous individuals in Spain. The services will include digital advertising services that will provide a chance to individuals in the digital world to advertise their products. The virtual community will be able to able to interact online and provide mobile-based couponing and loyalty services.     

An account discussing the fit between published theory in regard to Essay

An account discussing the fit between published theory in regard to project management and personal practice as a result of my participation in the Foods Organic project - Essay Example nting a change in the structure, style or staffing of an organization, developing a new system of information or implementation of a new business process (Anthony and Govindarajan, 2007). Owing to the fact that projects appear in numerous forms, significance of managing these projects effectively has increased to a great extent. Project management can be defined as application of skills, knowledge, tools and techniques so as to comply with the requirements of the project. In general, there are five major phases of project management, which are initiation, planning, execution, controlling and closure (Andon, Baxter and Chua, 2007). In this report, a discussion will be carried out about ways in which theories of project management fit into real life practices. In order to do so, I will reflect upon my experience in the foods organic project, which I have completed in the recent past. The project was about developing a new store that will be located at the heart of Uxbridge. The aim of that project was to establish a store that reflects ‘organic’ and ‘healthy living’ culture. In this section of the study, I will reflect upon experiences that I have gathered while conducting the aforementioned project and will try to draw comparison with the theories of project management. However, before proceeding further into the analysis, I would like to elaborate about my position and the activities carried out by me during the program. I was the project manager as well as the team leader. I was responsible for accomplishing various tasks as well as for overseeing tasks carried out by the subordinates. Hence, the pressure on me was immense. Majority of the tasks of this project were performed by me as it was mandatory on my part. Scholars such as, Armstrong (2002), enumerate that a project manager is responsible for carrying out most of the planning and monitoring activities; but at times, he is also required to perform the operational activities. Contradicting this

Taboo Words And Their Treatment In Dictionaries

Taboo Words And Their Treatment In Dictionaries Taboo words are a part of language that is supposed to be avoided at all times, but are nevertheless used in practice. Most taboo words originate from taboo acts. Dictionaries have special labels for taboo words which warn the users that taboo words are not acceptable. Taboo words in dictionaries are defined in patterns which make them seem less offensive, and provide an alternative for them. Only taboo words which are considered to be the least offensive have example sentences in their entries in dictionaries. The most offensive group of taboo words are taboo words related to sexuality. Inconsistencies in labelling between dictionaries prove that the negative connotations of taboo words are not inherent in language, but culturally determined. Taboo words are those words that are considered in bad taste by some people or should be avoided because they mention realities that are stark or vulgar. Taboo words usually refer to sex, religion and necessities such as the act of emptying the bladder or the bowels. The general aim of this paper is to observe and report on the treatment of taboo words in standard language dictionaries, among words without taboo connotations. The paper will offer a short introduction into the problematics of taboo language, but will for the most part examine the treatment of taboo words in dictionaries- the way they are defined, the labels that designate them and the examples that accompany them. By comparing the entries for taboo words in five dictionaries, it will be shown which labels for taboo words exist and whether they are the same in all dictionaries; whether all dictionaries follow the same pattern when defining taboo words and with what purpose, and whether the treatment od taboo words in dictionaries can cause any problems for dictionary users. Through examining the entries for taboo words which contain examples, it will be determined which taboo words are the least insulting, and by comparing labels it will be determined which taboo words are the most insulting. Noting the inconsistencies between the dictionaries in defining and labelling taboo words will show that taboo words are not inherently offensive, but determined as taboo by the speakers of the language and the culture they belong to. Theoretical background Taboo words, also referred to as curse words, profanity, swearwords and offensive speech, are words that are not supposed to be uttered at all, or at least not in polite conversation, because they are regarded as inappropriate or immoral, or believed to be forbidden supernaturally. Typical examples of taboo words would be expressions like Damn! or Shit! (Akmajian et al. 306). Taboo words are used in order to make the language we speak more graphic or more concrete, just as metaphors do (Jay 137). They add emotional shading to language and can communicate strong thoughts, ideas, attitudes and opinions in a way non- taboo words cannot (Jay 137). They are used to express anger and annoyance, for insulting and often as intensifiers in phrases, such as in the sentence Whereà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s that damn book! (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary Online). The word taboo comes from the Polynesian language and means forbidden (Allan and Burridge 2). Taboo words are, as their name suggests, connected to taboo acts. The act of incest is taboo, and so is the word motherfucker- but there are other words that are taboo, while the action they denote is not. Talking about sex is often considered taboo, but the act of sex itself is not at all forbidden, or improper, if it is done at the suitable time and place, and with the appropriate person. Still, words linked to a taboo act are likely to become taboo words (Allan and Burridge 2). It is important to note that à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦what counts as taboo language is something defined by culture, and not by anything inherent in the language. (Akmajian et al. 307). This means that taboo words and expressions reflect the customs and views of people belonging to a particular society or culture. (Trudgill 18) Taboo language in the English language can be divided into three broader categories. The first category consists of taboo words related to religion. Typical examples from this category are expressions such as God!, Damn!, Jesus! and Hell!. Since words from this category refer to the supernatural, they evoke the emotions of awe and fear. This category represents the historical basis of swearing in the English language (Pinker). The second category consists of taboo words which denote certain body functions and effluvia. The taboo words from this category provoke emotions of disgust due to the fact that certain infectious diseases can be carried from one person to another through bodily effluvia (Pinker). Typical examples from this category are taboo words such as shit, asshole and fart. The third category consists of taboo words related to sexuality- sexual organs, different names for the act of sex and insults related to ones sexual orientation or sexual habits. Examples from this ca tegory are the words fuck, pussy and dyke. Another category can be added to the ones already mentioned- a category that consists of insulting names for disfavoured (mostly because of their race or nationality) persons or groups. The words from this category provoke emotions of hatred and contempt, and the typical example is the word nigger. Methods and material The data for this research was obtained by searching through online dictionaries for taboo words and observing their respective entries. Five online dictionaries were chosen: Oxford Advanced Learners English Dictionary Online, Merriam- Webster Online Dictionary, Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary Online, Macmillan Online Dictionary and Longman English Dictionary Online. The reason for choosing online dictionaries was that the printed versions of these dictionaries which were available were not all from the same year and were not the current versions. Online dictionaries are constantly upgraded, which makes them suitable for a comparative study. These five dictionaries were chosen because they all come from respectable publishing companies and are edited by professional lexicographers. Only standard language dictionaries, and not specialised dictionaries (such as slang dictionaries), were used because the aim of the research was to see how taboo words were treated among all other normal words. After choosing which dictionaries to use, the words that would be examined were chosen based on the literature consulted for this research paper, with the addition of words similar in meaning. The words were the following: (ass, asshole, fart, piss, shit, bastard, bitch, cock, cunt, dick, dyke, fag, fuck, motherfucker, pussy, screw, slut, whore, bloody, damn, darn, hell, Dago, Gook, nigger, Paddy, Paki and Spic 28 in total. They were then divided into four groups: Body parts and effluvia (ass, asshole, fart, piss, and shit,); Sex and insults related to sexuality (bastard, bitch, cock, cunt, dick, dyke, fag, fuck, motherfucker, pussy, screw, slut and whore); Religion (bloody, damn, darn and hell) and Racial insults (Dago, Gook, nigger, Paddy, Paki and Spic). The research included checking and noting the labels and the definitions used in separate dictionaries, as well as the examples (or the lack of examples), and comparing them. Analysis and results This comparative study answered the following questions: Which labels and warnings are used in dictionaries to warn the users about taboo words? How are taboo words defined in dictionaries? Are there any differences between dictionaries in the way the words used in the study are labelled and defined? Are there any example sentences in entries for taboo words? Which group of taboo words/ which individual taboo word is the most strongly marked? Labels. Every dictionary has labels assigned to words which inform the user of the status of the word and the register it is supposed to be used in. This research has shown that there are many ways of warning dictionary users about taboo words. The labels that are used to warn users about taboo words in Oxford Advanced Learners English Dictionary Online are: taboo, slang, informal, disapproving and offensive. The labels appear before the definition of the word; they are written in italics and bracketed. Alongside these labels, additional warnings can be found in the definition of the word. The additional labels are: very offensive, not polite, offensive, a swear word, and offensive to some people. The labels that refer to taboo words in Merriam- Webster Online Dictionary are: sometimes vulgar, often vulgar, usually vulgar, obscene, usually obscene, usually disparaging, often disparaging and usually offensive. The labels appear before the definition of the word, in italics. Only one additional label was found in the definition of the word- a generalized term of abuse. The labels for taboo words found in the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary Online are: informal, very informal, slang, offensive and disapproving. The labels appear before the definition of the word and are written in capitals. Only one additional label was found in the definition of the word and that one is slightly rude. The labels that are used to warn users about taboo words in the Macmillan Online Dictionary are: impolite, offensive and informal. As in the case of the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary Online, the labels appear before the definition of the word and are written in capitals. The additional labels found in the definition were extremely offensive and insulting. In the Longman English Dictionary Online, the labels for taboo words are: taboo, informal, not polite and slightly rude. The labels appear before the definition of the word in italics and in a different colour than the definition. The additional labels are: offensive, very offensive in combination with Do not use this word and insulting. What this overview shows is that every dictionary has its own system of labelling taboo words, with different words used as warning for the users. This is not surprising because every dictionary has its own labelling policy which is applied to all the words, not just taboo words. Some of the labels do appear in more than one dictionary, like offensive, informal and taboo. Generally speaking, it can be concluded that users are warned in an adequate way that taboo words are not appropriate, not only because of the labels themselves, but also because of the graphical layout of the labels (written in capitals, italics, or in another colour). However, one potential problem for dictionary users can be detected just by looking at the labels- words like often, sometimes, slightly and usually often modify labels for taboo words. This can create confusion, especially since definitions of most taboo words are not followed by examples. The user himself, especially if he is not a native speaker, cannot know in which cases he is allowed to use this word and in which it could have severe consequences. The only dictionary which explicitly states that some words should not be used at all is the Longman English Dictionary Online, with the label Do not use this word found in the definitions of the taboo words. Definitions. When it comes to the way taboo words are defined, there are two types of definitions used in the dictionaries examined in this research. The first type of definition is the synonym definition, in which just the synonym of the taboo word is given, usually a scientific or a more polite term, without any additional explanation, as in the case of the word cock in the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary Online : COCK- (taboo, slang) a penis. The second type of definition gives a scientifical explanation of the phenomenon which the taboo word denotes, as in the case of the word fart in the Merriam- Webster Online Dictionary: FART- often vulgar: to expel intestinal gas from the anus. Both types of definitions appear in all of the five dictionaries examined and they represent the standard way taboo or offensive words are usually defined in dictionaries. The goal they share is making taboo words and concepts seem less offensive. (joint 128). Examples. Another aspect of the treatment of taboo words in dictionaries that is worth looking at are examples of sentences or phrases that contain taboo words and words that collocate with them. There are many kinds of dictionaries, and not all of them provide examples for all the words they list, but by checking which taboo words have examples in most dictionaries, and which do not, it can be concluded which taboo words are the least offensive. If a dictionary offers an example, it actually shows the user how a word is supposed to be used and in a way gives permission for its usage. The word hell had an example in all of the five dictionaries examined, the words bastard, bloody, damn and darn in four, and the words shit and bitch in three. The rest of the words had an example in one or none of the dictionaries examined. This indicates that the words belonging to the group of taboo words related to religion are no longer considered very insulting, which can be confirmed by looking a t the labels used for these words- informal and impolite prevail, and three dictionaries do not even give any warning for some of the taboo words from this group. The fact that the words belonging to the group of taboo words related to religion aro no longer perceived as very offensive is in contrast with the fact that the historical root of swearing in English is religion (Pinker). Linguist interpret this phenomenon as a result of the secularization of Western culture. (Pinker) The words shit and bitch belong to two different groups of taboo words: shit belongs to the group that refers to body parts and effluvia, and bitch belongs to the group that refers to sex and insults related to sexuality. Both of the words belong to everyday speech, and are mostly labelled as impolite or informal, but also offensive in some dictionaries. Most offensive words. Determining the most offensive taboo word and taboo word group was the next step in this research. By simply comparing the labels, it was concluded that the most strongly marked group was the group consisting of words related to sexuality- words referring to sex (fuck, screw), sexual organs (cock, cunt, dick, pussy) and insults related to sexuality (bitch, dyke, fag, motherfucker, whore). These words were mostly labelled as very offensive, vulgar and obscene. Cunt is the most offensive word in this group. It was labelled as taboo/ slang/ very offensive (Oxford), usually disparaging obscene (Merriam- Webster), offensive (Cambridge), offensive/ extremely offensive (Macmillan), and taboo/ Do not use this word (Longman). Cunt has been the most seriously taboo word in English for centuries, remaining so for the vast majority of users, especially women, since it conveys strong misogynist connotations (Allan and Burridge 52). The most offensive individual taboo word o f the ones that were examined was the word nigger. All of the dictionaries strongly warn against this word, and Merriam- Webster calls it the most offensive and inflammatory racial slur in English. In other dictionaries it is labelled as very or extremely offensive, and Longman states that the words should not be used at all. Other words from the group consisting of insults on a racial or national basis (Gook, Dago, Spic, Paddy) are also strongly warned against, and usually labelled as offensive or very offensive. This implies that the world is moving towards tolerance when it comes to questions of race and nationality (but also sexual orientation and religion), and these kinds of insults are now completely unacceptable. Inconsistencies. There are certain inconsistencies between dictionaries in the way some taboo words are defined and labelled. This can be seen in the way the word slut is labelled in the dictionaries examined, as shown in Table 1. WORD: Slut Oxford ALD Online: disapproving, offensive Merriam- Webster Online: very informal Cambridge ALD Online: offensive, insulting Macmillan Online Dictionary: taboo informal, Longman English Dictionary Online: very offensive- Do not use this word Oxford, Macmillan and Longman consider slut more offensive than Cambridge does, while Merriam- Webster gives no warning whatsoever about this word being a taboo word. Since for every dictionary this word has a different degree of offensiveness, it can be concluded that the treatment of taboo words in dictionaries proves one of the initial claims made about taboo words- there is nothing inherently offensive or insulting in them. What makes them taboo is culturally, or even individually, determined, which is why even dictionaries cannot be uniform in the way they label taboo words. Conclusion This research paper has examined the entries for taboo words in five standard language dictionaries. The purpose was to see how taboo words were treated among other words that are acceptable in polite or formal conversation. Users are warned by the labels in dictionaries that taboo words should be avoided. The graphical layout of the labels is also used for this purpose. The labels are mostly different in all the dictionaries due to different labelling policies, but some are found in all of the dictionaries. A potential problem for dictionary users, especially second language learners, is the fact that labels are often accompanied by words such as sometimes, usually, slightly etc. In this case, the user cannot deduct from the labels when it is acceptable to use a certain taboo word and when it can have severe consequences. When defining taboo words, all of the dictionaries that were examined use two patterns: defining the taboo word with a more polite or scientific synonym, or by a s cientific explanation. The common goal of these two patterns is to make taboo words and what they designate seem less offensive. Through examining the entries for taboo words which contain examples, it was determined that only taboo words which are considered the least offensive have example sentences. The least offensive taboo words are the ones related to religion. By comparing labels it was concluded that the most offensive taboo words belong to the group related to sexuality, and that the most offensive individual taboo word is the word nigger. Inconsistencies found between the dictionaries in the way they label the same taboo words prove the assumption that there is nothing inherently insulting or offensive in taboo words- they are taboo because of the speakers of the language and the culture they belong to. A suggestion for further research is to historically track labels used for taboo words to see if the way they are perceived has changed and how and monitor if they will cha nge in the near future.

honorable mexicans :: essays research papers

Introduction There are many people that have impacted on the country Mexico. Some of the famous people were presidents, musicians, astronauts and writers. They have showed Mexico many important things and helped to improve their technology. Here is the information on some of these famous people. Pedro Infante: Pedro was the greatest Mexican idol, and he was born in the beautiful port of Mazatlan, Sinaloa, on November 18, 1917. When people in Mexico hear his name they remember his beautiful songs and films. He became one of the best singers and actors in Mexico. He worked as a barber and a carpenter before he joined the group "La Rabia". He got nominated seven times for the award "Ariel". In 1959 something very unexpected happened, the plane that he traveled smashed into land and he died. He was buried on April 18, 1959 in the presence of a hundred and ten thousand people in Mexico city. He wrote over three hundred songs and took part in over sixty one films. Over forty years ago hi life ended but he is still remembered in hearts everywhere. Rodolfo Neri: Rodolfo was the first Mexican astronaut to go into outer space for NASA. He spent seven days in outer space aboard a space shuttle called Atlantis, carrying out multiple experiments and placing in orbit the Mexican satellite Morelos 2. This showed the world that mexico that Mexico could be a leader in technology. It also showed that this country would be able to send people into outer space and that Mexico could teach people who are interested to be astronauts. Everisto Quintanilla Rojas: Everisto invented the color T.V. It first started in 1934 and that was when the first experiments were done. When he was 17 years old he went to a school that taught science and when he graduated he used that knowledge and started to invent the color t.v. He also created the first two Mexican satelites that were called Morelos i & ii. This man made a difference for Mexico because not only did he give Mexico color t.v's but they also got to speak to people in 23 other other countries outside of North America. honorable mexicans :: essays research papers Introduction There are many people that have impacted on the country Mexico. Some of the famous people were presidents, musicians, astronauts and writers. They have showed Mexico many important things and helped to improve their technology. Here is the information on some of these famous people. Pedro Infante: Pedro was the greatest Mexican idol, and he was born in the beautiful port of Mazatlan, Sinaloa, on November 18, 1917. When people in Mexico hear his name they remember his beautiful songs and films. He became one of the best singers and actors in Mexico. He worked as a barber and a carpenter before he joined the group "La Rabia". He got nominated seven times for the award "Ariel". In 1959 something very unexpected happened, the plane that he traveled smashed into land and he died. He was buried on April 18, 1959 in the presence of a hundred and ten thousand people in Mexico city. He wrote over three hundred songs and took part in over sixty one films. Over forty years ago hi life ended but he is still remembered in hearts everywhere. Rodolfo Neri: Rodolfo was the first Mexican astronaut to go into outer space for NASA. He spent seven days in outer space aboard a space shuttle called Atlantis, carrying out multiple experiments and placing in orbit the Mexican satellite Morelos 2. This showed the world that mexico that Mexico could be a leader in technology. It also showed that this country would be able to send people into outer space and that Mexico could teach people who are interested to be astronauts. Everisto Quintanilla Rojas: Everisto invented the color T.V. It first started in 1934 and that was when the first experiments were done. When he was 17 years old he went to a school that taught science and when he graduated he used that knowledge and started to invent the color t.v. He also created the first two Mexican satelites that were called Morelos i & ii. This man made a difference for Mexico because not only did he give Mexico color t.v's but they also got to speak to people in 23 other other countries outside of North America.

Polio, Cystic Fibrosis and Hypothyroidism

Polio Poliomyelitis, commonly referred to as polio is cause by acute viral infection from its causative agent, the poliovirus. The virus belongs to the enterovirus family and consists of a naked RNA strand (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 364). The route of spread is fecal oral, similar to most other members of the enterovirus class. The initial infection occurs in the mouth and throat, resulting in the secretion of the virus from the salivary glands and its subsequent entry into the gastrointestinal tract.Virus multiplication occurs in the mucosa of the intestines and in lymph nodes, a process that causes symptoms associated with a transitory viremia. Most polio infections do not surface clinically; about 1% of infected individuals suffer the consequences of central nervous invasion by the virus (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 364). This invasion first manifests as meningeal irritation. But the most debilitating effects are seen when it proceeds to the spinal cord, infecting the mo tor neurons.This invasion causes wasting of muscles and loss of reflexes; a disability that persists for the rest of the patient’s life (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1374). Two types of vaccines have been developed and successfully administered for the poliovirus. The Salk type is fixed in formalin and contains killed specimens of all three major strains of the poliovirus; more commonly, the oral Sabin type vaccine is used which contains live attenuated virus specimens of all three strains as well.The success of the vaccine in nearly eliminating the virus from developed countries and from most of the developing world is based on the fact that this virus, like smallpox, only infects humans. Additionally, it is shed from an infected individual for a small period of time; it does not change its antigenic molecular makeup through mutations and the vaccine confers lifetime immunity (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 364). Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is one of the most widespr ead genetic disorders, especially in the Caucasian populations (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p.489).It is an autosomal recessive disease, therefore most carriers of the abnormal allele present with no symptoms. The prime underlying cause of this condition is a mutation on the chromosome 7, in a gene that has been named cystic fibrosis transconductance regulator gene. This gene codes for a protein that forms a transmembrane channel that actively regulates the crucial transfer of electrolytes across the membrane, notably the chloride ion. The rate and volume of this transport is also modulated by intra- and extra-cellular signals (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p.490).Once electrolyte content of the secretions is compromised, it leads to varying water content in extracellular compartments and causes a wide range of debilitating symptoms in different tracts. The most common clinical presentation is respiratory distress in newborn babies. The extremely viscid secretions in the lungs resul t in recurrent and severe respiratory infections. Moreover, the increased tissue resistance of the lungs results in an increased right-heart workload, which may cause right heart failure.These complications are the most common cause of cystic fibrosis-related deaths in USA. The pancreas is also frequently involved; the exocrine part is hit the hardest. This insufficiency results in protein and fat malabsorption which leads to other complications including insufficient absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and edema due to decreased levels of plasma proteins (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 494-495). There have been several advances in the management of this disease.Improved control of respiratory infections and lung transplant has given encouraging results; children and young adults who have had both their lungs transplanted have a survival rate of 70%. Heart, liver, and pancreas transplants have also shown favorable results (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 495). Hypothyroidism Hypoth yroidism is defined as below normal levels of production or action of the thyroid hormone (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1167). The thyroid hormone has widespread effects on the body in regard to regulation of the metabolic rate of all tissues.Hypothyroidism is of three types: primary, resulting innate problems of the thyroid; secondary, due to improper functioning of the pituitary gland; and tertiary, caused by a deficiency of the hypothalamus. The most common type of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas is primary, resulting from immune reaction to the thyroid gland itself, a condition known as Hashimoto thyroiditis. In this disorder, the immune system causes cell death in thyroid tissue either by direct cell toxicity or by antibody-mediated reactions (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1167-1170).An antibody against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, which resides on the cell surface of thyroid tissue, is most frequently found in patients of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Clin ically, this disorder presents as a swelling of the thyroid with no symptom of pain; the swelling is commonly diffuse and equal in size and shape on both sides (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1170). The disease progresses slowly and insidiously, manifested by lack of energy and dullness, often mistaken for depression. Cognitive functions are also impaired and obesity has been reported.Decreased sympathetic activity causes gastrointestinal problems. Since the thyroid hormone directly regulates cardiac calcium influx, a decrease in cardiac output is seen, followed by lowered stamina in the patient (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1168). Diagnosis is made by serological investigations, TSH levels in serum being the most sensitive indicator of thyroid function; TSH levels are actually high in response to lowered thyroxine levels in primary hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine is the drug of choice for such patients (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1169).