Rent-A-Captive Insurance Company Development

Rent-A-Captive Insurance Company Development A Critical Analysis of the Benefits, Risks and  Implications of Creating an Off-shore  Rent-a-Captive Insurance Company in Bermuda. Contents (Jump to) Abstract Chapter 1    Methodology Chapter 2 –   Research Process Chapter 3 – Findings and Evaluation of Findings 3.1 Captive 3.2   Analysis of Benefits, Risks and Implications 3.3 Rent-A-Captive 3.4 Pestle Analysis 3.5 Porter’s Five Forces Abstract The potential for utilizing a rent-a-captive facility in Bermuda represents a method that is a business proposition to examination the risks, benefits and implications of utilizing this as a viable strategy. Inherent in equating any strategy are its suitability, ease of entry and exit as well as costs and weighing these against the learning curve and relative benefits that will accrue in best and worst case scenarios. To reach such a determination, the examination will employ a number of strategic as well as financial tools, along with the advantages and disadvantages of the methodology to determine its viability in a general, specific and overall sense. The use of any business strategy has either direct and or indirect implications which represent variables that must prove their worth in their ability to further the overall aims, objectives and purpose of the entity and to be particularly of benefit in adverse economic conditions and or unforeseen occurances. The preceding tough evaluative climate represents the acid test via which to effectively prove or disprove its potential worth to the enterprise. A ‘captive insurance company’ represents an entity that is set up for the limited purpose by parent insurance companies to finance risks from the main organization and or its subsidiaries (Bawcutt, 1997, pp. 8-9). Rather than representing a new concept, captive insurance companies have been around since the mid 1870s, borne out of ‘protection and indemnity’ clubs of that period which offered marine insurance in coverage of third party liabilities as well as expenses emanating from either operating or owning ships as a principle (Braithwaite and Drahos, 2000, p. 157). The preceding was a result of the passage of the Lord Campbell Act of 1846 (Alabama Law Review, 2004, p. 884), which â€Å"†¦ was enacted by the English Parliament †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and titled the ‘Fatal Accidents Act of 1846’ whose purpose was â€Å"†¦ to alleviate the harsh results †¦Ã¢â‚¬  from either serious injury or death on ships during that period (Alabama Law Review, 2004, p. 884). Claim liability potential was increased as a result of the flood of immigrants traveling to the United States as well as the higher value of cargos and injuries to crew members. The Protection and Liability Clubs pooled resources to cover claims arising from the passage of the act and minimize exposure for the primary insurance carriers such as Lloyd’s of London (Alabama Law Review, 2004, p. 884). Captive insurance companies can be utilized to provide insurance coverage for commercial purposes, as well as industrial and governmental entities to insure either all or part of the risks facing an organization (Geisel, 2004). Captive insurance companies also can be formed as a result of companies that have similar business risks joining together to pool said risks in a cost effective manner to have the needed insurance coverage for these types of areas (Geisel, 2004). The increased growth in this industry segment is a result of the change in the way businesses and organizations see the way to finance their risks as it represents a more flexible approach against potential losses, augmenting catastrophic risk that is covered via conventional means (Sammer, 2001). Critical to the preceding is understanding that insurance represents â€Å"coverage by a contract binding †¦Ã¢â‚¬  one party to â€Å"†¦ indemnify another against specified loss †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as a return for pr emiums paid covering said insurance (Houghton Mifflin, 2006). It, insurance, represents a form of ‘risk management’ that is a hedge against some type of financial loss that has a probable incidence of occurring, thus insurance represents the transfer of this risk from one entity to another as a result of the exchange of premiums calculated based upon the potential of occurrence. The preceding summary will provide an understanding of the purpose and niche regarding captive insurance companies as well as how they fit into the overall realm of the insurance industry represents important background information that is germane to the topic of ‘a critical analysis of the benefits, risks and implications of creating an off-shore rent-a-captive insurance company in Bermuda’. Chapter 1 – Methodology The methodology that will be utilized in this examination will consist of understanding the nuances involved in the process of single parent captives as well as rent-a-captives to determine the subtle and or obvious differences that represent either positive or negative factors which a company would need to be aware of as well as consider to have a full understanding of the process. Inherent in such is the understanding of the legal, business, regulatory, financial, operational and administrative facets of the process and how these impact upon each other in the utilization of a rent-a-captive facility. The preceding represents a broad based understanding as well as in depth with regard to the benefits, risks, implications and related factors. In equating such this examination will employ such tools as Porter’s Five Forces framework, a SWOT analysis, as well as a Pestle Analysis and a discussion of the Balanced Scorecard to aid in reaching a determination of the foregoing. The limitations to the methodology may be in that the tools of analysis are not directly suitable to analyze the process, and or they may be too many business, operational and or industry variables to enable equating if the process is or will be effective in all or most instances. The methodology is limited by the complexity of the problem in that the decision branch tree factor may be too large to adequately cover all of the potential nuances and aspects which might be important. As the basis for the study is the suitability of a certain structure for potential utilization, the methodology is thus simplified into gathering and comparison as a means to uncover the basics and related detail factors which appear in multiple sources. Chapter 2 Research Process The research process will consist of secondary measures utilizing books, journals and online sources to provide a wide cross section of ideas, viewpoints, concepts, theories and practices to ensure that the salient foundational information is based upon the true and actual conditions present. Through a comparative analysis entailing systematic methodologies of collecting, review and analysis of data, the foregoing will provide for such an outcome. Yin (1994) advises that in conducting research, one should seek to equate the positioning of such against real life phenomenon by virtue of gathering a number of viewpoints to reach a balanced understanding. Yin (1994) also adds that the broader the examination, the better will be the grasp of the information and thus conclusions reached. Maxwell (1996) supports Yin’s (1994) approach and cautions that quality is more important than quantity, thus the research process will seek to weed out lesser sources in favor of more established ones through a comparative process. The preceding represents the suggested approach as put forth by Lieberson (1991), as well as King et al (1994). As the subject represents a pragmatic consideration whereby theory is less important, the comparative analysis of sources is easier as the base information should be relatively close, if not identical, depending upon the jurisdictional locale. Said variable renders the research process as relatively straight forward. Chapter 3 – Findings and Evaluation of Findings In examining the subject matter, background information as well as facts, details and information pertaining to the field of captive insurance companies is an important foundation to understanding the benefits of a rent-a-captive as a comparison. The forgoing includes an understanding of the jurisdiction in which the rent-a-captive is located. 3.1 Captive 3.1.1 Bermuda Bermuda’s entrance into the international insurance market got its start in 1947 when it was selected by C.V. Starr â€Å"†¦ as the location for his American International Company, Limited (Bermuda Market Solutions, 2005, p. 3). The captive concept was promulgated by Fred Reiss in the mid 1960s as â€Å"†¦ an insurer owned by a non-insurance parent †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bermuda Market Solutions, 2005, p. 3) which was established to finance the insurable exposures of the parent. Bermuda is the global leader in the captive insurance market, growing dramatically during the 1980s as a result of group captives that were created to permit smaller companies to align with those of similar interests to thus gain greater control over their insurance through the pooling of risks (Bermuda Market Solutions, 2005, p. 3). One of the largest of these was the OIL Insurance Ltd. that was formed by petroleum companies in the early 1970’s as a result of difficulties they were facing in the property insurance market. Table 1 – Total Insurance Assets for all International Insured’s (in billions) (Bermuda Market Solutions, 2005, p. 3) Bermuda, is the premier domicile for captive insurance companies as well as rent-a-captives with in excess of 1700 insurers (Lowtax.net, 2004). The captive insurance market has slowed over the last couple of years in contrast to its rapid growth pace of the late 1980s and 1990s with other locales offering similar advantages thus effectively bringing its share of the global market down to approximately one third of all captives from a high of 40% in the mid 1990s (Crombie, 2005). Locations such as the Cayman Islands, British Virgin Islands, Hawaii, Guernsey, and Barbados as well as Dublin, along with an addition 45 other jurisdiction as well as a number of states in the U.S. have slowed Bermuda’s growth and market share as a result (Crombie, 2005). Other factors in this trend have been (Crombie, 2005): the increased popularity of risk retention groups whose small size, in general, does not make them really suitable for location in Bermuda, increased marketing by new jurisdictions such as Hawaii and Vermont which have the advantage of being American states, developments in the varied types of corporate vehicles that are available, notably segregated account companies, and lastly, the ways in which some jurisdictions count their captives, including those that have formed and not removing them once they have been dissolved. Another important consideration is cost. Bermuda is expensive and thus since cost does matter to smaller captives as well as those operating on slimmer margins, there selection of locale takes this facet into account. Bermuda’s client base primarily consists of large U.S., European and South American companies whose presence has been in that location for some time (Crombie, 2005). The cost is offset by Bermuda’s reputation, quality of professional expertise as well as the ease of access thus minimizing the cost variable over the long term as a result of the foregoing and the locale’s stability. Another factor that must be considered with respect to Bermuda’s global positioning in terms of the attraction of new captives is the limited infrastructure on the island for residences, schools and traffic. Bermuda is basically more of an exclusive club which is based upon quality as opposed to quantity (Crombie, 2005). As the third largest insurance local after Ne w York and London, Bermuda’s new business formations in 2004 saw approximately 50% in the form of captives (Lowtax.net, 2004). The country is the number one location for segregated account companies with 83 that include 6,234 cells within cells as compared to 126 protected cell companies in all other locations as of 2003 (Lowtax.net, 2004). Table 2 – Captives by Domicile Year End 2002 (Towers Perrin, 2004) Table 3 – Leading Captive Domiciles (Elliott, 2005) The preceding represents data on captives as of year end 2002, thus accounting for the higher figures indicated above, showing captive numbers for domiciles mentioned as a comparison. 3.1.2 Rent-a-Captive Insurance Companies A rent-a-captive insurance company provides ‘captive’ insurance facilities to other companies for a fee and protects itself from any losses via individual programs that are further isolated from losses via other programs in the same company (Banham, 2001). Banham (2001) provides the analogy of thinking of a rent-a-captive insurance company â€Å"†¦ as a mall of stores †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and each store represents â€Å"†¦ the self insurance program of a particular company†. The rent-a-captive concept represents the fact that a company does not have to go through the procedures and regulations entailed with incorporating its own captive as it is able to lease one instead. The preceding represents a business rationale for creating an off-shore rent-a-captive insurance company, leasing out its existence. The concept of the rent-a-captive provides much of the same benefits that corporate owned captives do in that it provides (Banham, 2001): increased control regarding losses as a result of improved claims management, the ability to derive a profit from underwriting along with investment income from the funds that are set aside for claim reserves, various tax benefits, and avoidance of accounting and audit issues, which are the responsibility of the rent-a-captive sponsor. The advantages of the establishment of a rent-a-captive insurance company depend upon a number of factors on the part of the interested company. These aspects shall be discussed in the analysis of the benefits, risks, and implications of a rent-a-captive. 3.2 Analysis of Benefits, Risks and Implications In equating the reasons, as well as benefits, risks and implications of forming a rent-a-captive it is important to have an understanding of the reasons as to why captives are formed, thus providing an understanding of the benefits of a rent-a-captive. The following represent the foregoing (Elliott, 2005): To reduce and or stabilize cost Generally, the financing of risk under a captive lowers overall cost and aids in stabilizes costs long term as a result of being less susceptible to changes in the insurance market. Examples of cost savings are represented by the fact there is: no profit load, the reduction and or elimination of commissions to brokers, lower costs for administration, the owners in a captive share in all of the earnings through policyholder or shareholder dividends, a captive avoids costly insurance regulations as well as the exclusion of payments into residual market pools and premium taxes, savings in loss – cost is another area as captives serve to increase the awareness of risk management as well as cost awareness among top management. The savings benefits, in general, exceed the expense of both setting up the captive as well as administering it. Increase capacity and provide access to reinsurance A captive can access the capacity of reinsurance markets and might be able to provide more coverage limits than available within the retail market. An example of the preceding is whereby multiple insurers participate in what is termed as a slip to offer millions in added capacity which would not otherwise be available. A ‘slip’ is a binder that often includes more than one insurer. An example of the preceding is provided by Lloyd’s of London whereby the slip is passed from underwriting to underwriter to initial and subscribe to specific parts of a risk (captive.com, 2006). Control One of the reasons for the origin of captives is due to insurance buyers that were tired of the vagaries of the market regarding insurance and looked for more control concerning underwriting, rates, investments and claim settlements. Captives provided them with these benefits. Coverage An advantage of captives is that they can provide coverage to subsidiaries and other firms that might not otherwise be possible or available for such areas as professional liability, certain business risks and punitive damages. Rate and form freedom The benefits of special constructed wording can be written by captives as a guide for reinsurers to follow to thus provide coverage’s for obscure areas. Establishment of better than average claim experience As the claim history for a captive insured may be improved or batter than the overall class of business for an insurer in the commercial category, this aspect makes a sound argument for retention of that risk in this framework as opposed to the broader and poorer claims experience as a whole. Recapture of investment income and to accelerate and or manage cash flow The investment income derived from a captive may be completely or partially retained by the captive as opposed to staying with commercial insurers thus providing revenues that would otherwise be lost. Insurance accounting Special tax treatment accrues to insurance companies, such as tax deductible reserves for claims not paid and in the instance of life insurance reserves no taxes are paid on the internal build up of interest income. Tax deductibility Other tax advantages are possible such as in the case of multiple owners or insured as well as in the cases where the insured and shareholders are not the same. Another area is in the deductibility of premiums along with the deferred taxation of insurance income. Careful consideration of tax benefits need to be investigated prior to adding such advantages to the list of benefits. Perceived safety of formalized services As the books and records of captives are audited along with the claim reserves being under constant review by actuaries, investments managed by professionals and accounts that are maintained by managers that are independent, these services represent checks and balances with so many differing external factors checking the books and accounts that the system has extra measures of safety that in most cases is superior to other means whereby a number of these functions is performed in-house or by the same company. Favorable regulations Many captives are formed offshore to avoid certain unnecessary regulations concerning solvency. However, just as in onshore solvency regulations, offshore captive solvency regulations are designed to protect policyholders. In some instances this regulation is weak in offshore locales, which is not the case for Bermuda as well as the state of Vermont in the United States. Administrative tool for funding retentions In many instances, large organizations create captives to fund differences between their large corporate deductibles or retention and smaller deductibles or retention of its individual business units. Under the captive format the main organization is able to offer fixed cost rates that are above the smaller deductibles and balance the equation of as a result overall larger rate, thus spreading the deductible or retention and achieving savings. Risk management Captives provide the risk manager with more leverage than the annual cost allocation process. Innovative deals Captives can increase the access to certain deals, such as more creative loss portfolio transfers achieved by transferring liabilities from one balance sheet to another. Warehouse data Being in a captive can provide a tool for the collection of better as well as more data in support of its cost management efforts. An example of this is that a captive can be the central repository for what is termed common disability cost management for instances when an organization elects to finance certain employee risk benefits as well as worker compensation risks. Strategic partner support Coverage can be made available by organizations for their various business partners as represented by key suppliers and or customers, as well as independent contractors, etc. when the normal market pricing and or terms are not favorable. The preceding may very well provide tax management as well as profit advantages. Profit In some instances captives are created to underwrite the risks of a customer or to provide third party insurance. Such undertakings can provide and or add value to an organization as a result of tying the customer to the owner. Some of the preceding areas represent clear financial aspects as well as non financial operating areas which can in certain instances turn out to be as important or more important than the financial considerations in creating or utilizing a captive. The understanding of the benefits, advantages and implications of a captive are integral in the discussion of a rent-a-captive in that the reasons and rationales that are found in the former also apply to the latter. As such, a discussion of the structuring of captives is an important aspect to be considered in this context, as such aids in the understanding of a rent-a-captive. There are three primary aspects of captives, the financial, operational and of course personnel. Captive financial resources consist of premiums along with capital and investment income. The premiums and or capital can consist of non-investment instruments such as a letter of credit and these financial resources must be sufficient to accomplish three tasks (Geisel , 2004). First is the facet of financing the legal obligation as part of the insurance and or reinsurance agreements. Secondly, the financial resources must be sufficient to finance a reasonable level attributed to adverse development, and lastly, the financial resources needed to fund the expenses of operating the captive. It is important to understand that captives, as well as rent-a-captives operate in a somewhat similar fashion as traditional insurers. It, the captive, directly issues policies to insured’s, and or reinsurers via a fronting insurance company (Geisel, 2004). It also collects the premiums and pays claims as well as setting reserves aside to pay for legal obligations stemming from its insurance and or reinsurance agreements, and pay for the captive’s operating expenses, and dividends (Geisel, 2004). One of the advantages is that captives usually utilize a captive management company to run the day to day operations, maintain books and serve as the liaison with the regulators and Board of Directors (Towers Perrin, 2004). Captives also can and often do utilize specialty service providers, accountants, legal council and actuaries to aid in the operational aspects thus eliminating the need for finding, retaining, and setting up office space to house these aspects, which represent a considerable cost savings in internal administration. In terms of managing costs, captives have the following benefits and or advantages (Elliott, 2005): Actuarial Bermuda requires an actuarial analysis as an aspect of the feasibility study concerning the area(s) of insurance and or reinsurance being contemplated for setting up a captive. The premiums as well as losses are thus based upon this information and when the actuarial review has established a level of confidence in these figures, the captive will thus make a better impression on regulators, tax advisors and reinsurers. Bermuda requires ongoing actuarial analysis. Expenses In most circumstances a captive should be able to operate in a more efficient manner than commercial insurance companies. The captive’s expenses should be in the area of below twenty percent of premiums, unless loss control dictates a higher ratio. Investment It is a general practice among captives to set premiums to reflect the time value of cash in the assumption that the investment returns will closely approximate the amortization of the premium discount over time. The captive investment policy should thus be in keeping with the assumptions that are utilized to set premiums. 3.3 Rent-A-Captive The foregoing analysis and details concerning captive insurance companies provides the needed foundational and structural information to better understand the nature of the entity and thus the implications, benefits and other facets associated with electing to utilize a rent-a-captive format. Given the preceding, the reasons and rationales for electing to choose a rent-a-captive format takes on increased meaning. Rent-a-captives represent the fastest growing segment of the captive category and the indications are that they will continue this trend and become even more broadly utilized in the future (International Risk Management Institute, 2004). Large corporations usually establish a captive to aid in the underwriting of its risk as well as to assume portions of its losses based upon the prospect of making or deriving a profit from these operations (Elliott, 2005). In essence, the corporation enters the business of insurance in an attempt to gain control over its losses as well as t o lower the cost of its insurance as a result of deriving a return of profit from underwriting and or investment income. Smaller companies lacking the financial resources to cover the costs of setting up and meeting requirements for a captive can derive much the same benefits through renting a captive as the alternative to receiving the indicated benefits from their insurance program(s). Rent-a-captive insurance companies are in general funded, created and â€Å"†¦ rented by insurers, brokers or groups of affiliated businesses† (International Risk Management Institute, 2004). The determination as to whether a rent-a-captive represents a viable as well as sound proposition is dependent upon a number of facets that can be summarized as follows (Geisel, 2004): size of the company considering utilizing a captive, or rent-a-captive, the amount of losses it ha

The facility operations department

The facility operations department Facilities Operations Management The Facility Operations Department mission is to safely provide a high-quality physical environment and core services in support of operations. This is to be accomplished through an adaptive and diverse support team of dedicated and well-trained professionals whose purpose is to meet the facilities needs of the Computing Division, its members and the people and organizations that we serve. Effective facilities management, combining resources and activities, is vital to the success of any organisation. At a corporate level, it contributes to the delivery of strategic and operational objectives. On a day-to day level, effective facilities management provides a safe and efficient working environment, which is essential to the performance of any business whatever its size and scope. The purvey of OM ranges from strategic to tactical and operational levels. Representative strategic issues include determining the size and location of manufacturing plants, deciding the structure of service or telecommunications networks, and designing technology supply chains. Tactical issues include plant layout and structure, project management methods, and equipment selection and replacement. Operational issues include production scheduling and control, inventory management, quality control and inspection, traffic and materials handling, and equipment maintenance policies. Facilities Operations Management in Macdonalds Facilities Management acts as the landlord responsible for all facilities maintenance functions in support of the core marketing, engineering, operational and manufacturing in Macdonalds. Programs and Services acts as a liaison between facilities management and the operating divisions; makes sure facilities management is meeting customer needs and expectations. Definition Facilities management is the integration of processes within an organisation to maintain and develop the agreed services which support and improve the effectiveness of its primary activities (CEN the European Committee for standardisation) MacDonalds an Introduction The worlds major chain in fast-food restaurants is McDonalds Corporation that was firstly introduced in 1940 by two brothers Dic and Mack. Its logo was introduced in 1962 by Jim Schindler and that resembles to Ma shaped sign and this sign can be seen on the side of the McDonalds but its name added with the logo in 1968. McDonalds branches are more than 31,000 with the leading of global food service retailer and so this restaurant serving more than 58 million people in 118 countries each day. There are more than 1190 restaurant of MacDonalds in UK and 1.5 million workers are working in all over the world. Ray Kroc became the first franchisee appointed by Mac and Dick for McDonald in San Bernardino California in 1954 after that with the passage of time in USA and other countries in the world it franchised. Independently More than 75% of McDonalds restaurants in the worldwide are owned by local men and women. Responsibilities of facilities managers for staff engaged in facilities operations At Business Link we believe that skilled, motivated and committed employees lead to revenue growth, profitability and customer satisfaction. This can be achieved by knowing how to effectively engage with staff and create an environment that encourages personal development. Facility Manager knows and understand very well this issue e.g. he awares.. Understanding employee needs and wants How to create a stimulating and challenging role Civilised treatment and working environment Exposure to and recognition of senior management Encouragement and praise for good performance Support and mentoring Respect for work and life balance Training to improve skills Encouraging job advancement Managers Responsiveness in Operational Aspects Facilities management is an essential strategic discipline because it operates the high-level, strategic change required by senior decision makers into day-to-day reality for people in their work or living space. Facility managers have following responsibilities for Macdonalds. Deliver effective facility management of Macdonalds assets Enhance the skills of people within the FM sector and provide identifiable and meaningful career options Enable new working styles and processes is vital in this technology driven age Enhance and project for Macdonalds identity and image Help the integration processes associated with change, post-merger or acquisition Deliver business continuity and workforce protection in an era of heightened security threats Example of Responsibility the Facilities Manager hastowardscustomers Administrative services managersplan, coordinate, and direct a broad range of services that allow Macdonalds to operate efficiently. They might, for example, coordinate space allocation, facilities maintenance and operations, and major property and equipment procurement. They also may oversee centralized operations that meet the needs of multiple departments, such as information and data processing, mail, materials scheduling and distribution, printing and reproduction, records management, telecommunications management, security, recycling, wellness, and transportation services. Administrative services managers also ensure that contracts, insurance requirements, and government regulations and safety standards are followed and up to date. They may examine energy consumption patterns, technology usage, and personal property needs to plan for their long-term maintenance, modernization, and replacement. Impact on Facility Operations to Employers or Agencies The role and responsibilities of agency managers and supervisors in protecting their employees from harm through the identification and control of workplace hazards. The main focus is on personal protective equipment, including selection, training, enforcement, and program review. Facility Managers must provide a safe work environment for their employees, according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Virginia Executive Order 52 Workplace Safety and Health; good business practices, and employee families place similar demands on employers. To do this, the agency must determine what hazards are associated with its operation and what is needed to protect employees from being injured by these hazards or eliminate the hazard altogether. Assessment of Saturatory Regulations in Macdonalds Statutory regulation exists to protect the publicagainst the risk of poor practice. It works by settingagreed standards of practice and competenceby registering those who are competent to practise and restricting the use of specified protected titles to those who are registered. Facility operational managers need to tell to his staff about rules and regulations e.g., definitions, permit requirements e.g., general, inspection or investigation, references, permit requirements, exceptions to the standard; about enforcing regulations e.g., probation, consultation, inspections etc; about enforcing actions e.g. general, violation classification etc; about enforcing action e.g. general, in service training, health statics etc; about reporting procedure e.g. emergency call number, medical call numbers etc; about fire presentations e.g. arrangements for fire departments response , inspection, evacuation plan, fire response training etc; about facility accommodation, mobile units, severability and general etc etc. Health and Safety Rules Measured by Facility Manager Information from health and safety performance measurement is needed by the people in the Macdonalds who have particular responsibilities within the health and safety management system. These will include directors, senior managers, line managers, supervisors, health and safety professionals and employees and safety representatives. They each need information appropriate to their position and responsibilities within the health and safety management system. There needs to be overall coherence in approach so that individual measuring activities are aligned within the overall performance measurement framework. In effect this results in a hierarchical set of linked measures which reflect the organisations structure. Each organisation must create and communicate performance measures that reflect its unique strategy ( Kaplan) Health and Safety is a very important part of any business and various Acts place varied responsibilities upon employers. This pack addresses many of the basic issues but we do not profess to be experts in this field. As different companies have different methods of operation so facility manager advises that always obtain independent expert Health and Safety advice prior to implementation or use of any CGD document Required Documentations with Saturatory Regulations for Measuring Health and Safety The Health and Safety of all our employees, members, guest, clients, customers, patients, contractors, visitors and members of the public, etc. is the paramount importance to Hughes, MacDonald Davidson that introduced by facility managers. The company undertakes to provide employees with a safe environment in which to perform their duties. The company will train employees in the safe method to be applied to any tasks they have to undertake. Will maintain all equipment, either electrical or mechanical, in accordance with manufacturers recommendations where applicable, or with individual assessment relevant to that piece of equipment to ensure safe and effective operation. Macdonalds has more than five employees and that includes the owners and some part-time staff, thats why Macdonald,s needs written healthand safety documentation. The Law requires that you have a written healthand safety policy statement. Linked to this statement will be the arrangements that exist with the bank for dealing with healthand safety. Healthy and Safety Policies Health Safety Policy StatementsGeneral statement, and policy examples, including contractors Standard Health Safety and Risk Assessment formsAnnual audit, risk assessment forms plans. Environmental FormsPolicy, assessment checklist action plan and waste disposal note. First Aid, Accidents and DiseaseAccident, investigation, treatment and Riddor report forms Fire SafetyRisk Assessment forms, policy and procedures and records Smoke Free, Drugs and Alcohol PoliciesUp-to-date policies governing smoking, drugs and alcohol. Safe DrivingSave Driving Policy, Guidance for Employees who Drive for Work and Vehicle Checklist Display Screen EquipmentQuestionnaire, identification eyesight records and risk assessment Chemical and Hazardous Substances COSHHSafety data, risk assessment and action plan forms etc etc. Effective Systems for Processing information and Maintaing Communications The effective systems process is fair and transparent, allowed for some negotiation of roles and responsibilities, and ensured that the most suitable people are appointed to the right jobs and remunerated accordingly. Facility managers deployed teaching and non-teaching staff effectively, and knew how to use and build on their individual strengths. staff is well supported by the schools arrangements for continuing professional development, which included a wide range of different development opportunities. The facility manager procedures is used well to support for staff development in Macdonalds. Required Effective Facilities Operations The Facility Operations Center provides computer programs designed to assist in the planning, management and administrative procedures required for an effective maintenance and asset management process. As an information technology tool for managing the maintenance process, a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) is a mission-essential part of any organization, and a tool for success. Facilities Manager Support for Effective Building Management The Department Chair or Division Manager assigns a qualified Building Manager and alternate for each of their facilities. The Building Manager serves as the single point-of contact for the coordination of non-programmatic operational issues that affect multiple and common areas of assigned buildings, such as utility shutdowns, maintenance activities, and construction projects. This ensures that the integration and execution of facility work is managed and controlled to safely and effectively accomplish operations, maintenance, and modification, while minimizing adverse impact on the mission-related work. The Building Manager also plays an integral role in ensuring that the Facility Use Agreements (FUA) are maintained and in facilitating the FUA process. IMs goal is to ensure Brookhaven National Laboratory real property assets are planned for, managed, tracked, and upgraded as required in order to meet BNLs current and future programmatic needs. To accomplish this IM performs site and utilities master planning, manages BNLs new project request and prioritization system (3PBP), maintains utilities maps, manages BNLs space and facilities data base, and provides program management for BNLs GPP, Line Item and Operating Funded Project programs. Investigates the cost effectiveness of facilities management in relation to the contribution which it makes to bottom-line profits. Concludes that fully cost-effective facilities can only be achieved where independent benchmarking exists and this leads to a facilities policy.(Bernard Williams) Quality and Effectiveness of Facilities Operations For quality and effective facilities operations management administration, books, contract management, customer relations, customer service, data acquisition, delivery, documentation, file management, indexing, interpretation, invoicing, materials management, next, oil painting, quality, quality control, rapport, record keeping, reports, research, safety, sales, scanners, supervisory skills, technical support, telephone skills and transportation skills consider significant element for Macdonalds. Operations facilitiesand workers are physically seen or capable of being monitored by customers andthe practice offacility operationsandqualitymanagement is accepted vices also have a tangible product content. Analyse the procedure in Quality and Effectiveness of Facilities Operations Team effectiveness as measured by team knowledge and skills are significantly associated with the extent of advance clinical access (ACA) implementation in both primary and specialty care. Team functioning was significant only in primary care. Facility Management support as measured by personal leadership support for quality improvement and the importance of reduced wait times is also significantly associated with ACA implementation, but practical facility management support and organizational culture is not. Team effectiveness partially mediated the relationship between extent of implementation and personal leadership support. Findings support the underlying theory that implementation of clinical innovations depends on both individual staff and a more complex dynamic of individuals operating within work units in the larger organization like Macdonalds. References Articles Christine Williams, The state of quality management in six leisure related research sites 1998, Issue 2, Page 95 to 103, Publisher, MCB UP Ltd. Bernard Williams, Cost-effective facilities management: a practical approach 1996, volume 14, Publisher: MCB UP Ltd. http://www.iiml.ac.in/faculty_staff_operations_management.html http://mitsloan.mit.edu/omg/om-definition.php http://www.strath.ac.uk/siom/whatis/ http://www.bifm.org.uk/bifm/about/facilities

tragoed Free Essay: Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex) as a Greek Tragedy :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Oedipus the King as a Greek Tragedy The Greek tragedy, Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles (496-406 B.C.), adheres to Aristotles (384-322 B.C.) definition of a tragedy. The first criterion of a Greek tragedy is that the protagonist be a good person; doubly blessed with a good heart and noble intention. Sophocles reveals immediately at the start of the play that Oedipus is such a man. As is common in the Greek tragedy Oedipus is also an aristocrat. Born of the King and Queen of Thebes he is of true nobility. Oedipus on the other-hand believes his parents are the King and Queen of Corinth. Oedipus was abandoned as a baby and adopted by them. Because that information is known to the audience, and not to Oedipus prior to the start of the play, it is a perfect example of tragic irony because when he declares that he will find the murderer he is the man that he pursues. Here he is told by Tiresias,† I say you are the murderer you hunt† (1235). The theme of Oedipus the King is not clear-cut. The theme in this tragic play seems to be you can‘t escape your fate. Contentment leads to ignorance as Oedipus lends fate a hand in his bitter end. This trait is touched-on in these lines spoken by Creon. â€Å"Look at you, sullen in yielding, brutal in your rage- you’ll go too far. It’s perfect justice: natures like yours are hardest on themselves†(Sophocles 1242-1243). Oedipus is a true hero in the Greek tragedy. He has the fate of the community in his hands along with the noble character to take care of it himself. He announces his convictions to take this problem into his own hands and do whatever is necessary to lift the curse. Oedipus addresses the priests assembled before him, â€Å" You can trust me; I am ready to help, I’ll do anything (Sophocles 1225). The city has this faith in him and the priest come to tell him so he will help them lift the curse. â€Å"Now we pray to you. You cannot equal the gods, your children know that...But we do rate you first of men,†(1226). He also appears to have Apollo’s ear, which makes him seem all-powerful to the audience; this is another stan dard of the classic Greek tragedy. Oedipus told his people, †After painful search I found one cure: I acted at once.

The Joy Luck Club Essay -- essays research papers fc

Everybody is different despite which culture they’re from, religion they practice or beliefs they accept as true. Finding one person of your same culture, practicing your same religion and believing all the exact, same ideas as you do is practically impossible. There are always a few factors that make you different from this person, and this idea is acceptable to most. Why then, if one found they were almost identical in thoughts and feelings as another individual, but found that this individual was of a different race, would this be considered unacceptable? There lingers an aroma of ignorance and naive ness around a few that make it so they’re blinded to the idea that a difference in ethnic backgrounds does not make a person inferior or superior. If one were to be categorized as inferior or superior, it would have to be based on their actions: whether it be wrong doings or accomplishments. The main characters in this story are a generation of mothers and their daughters. This story is told in sections as a narrative, where each chapter is recounted by a different woman. The mothers speak of their experiences growing up under the strict conditions in China. They told of how their marriages were predetermined and how they had to do as any male ordered. The daughters, on the other hand, being raised under American ways, told of their hardships with pressure given to them by their mothers. They spoke of American husbands, equality between both sexes, and how they’d rather believe that their futures could indeed be controlled. This novel being reviewed for recommendation in minority studies is The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, where the minority groups being presented are both the Chinese Gelman – Page 2 and women. The view seen of women in the United States is that of a rising class; once always under the wing of a male, but in the present day, rising to achieve equality. The view seen of Chinese women though, still remains that they are being held in the male’s shadow. â€Å"Reading scores†¦ and math scores†¦ for minority students are falling further behind those of white students† (Heartland Institute). This is from a report taken in the United States, which could be applied to China as well. There, though, only the women are the minority, instead of all Chinese. The Chinese men got the better educations,... ... get across to the youth before they have a mind of their own, they’d learn not to even notice the color of one’s skin, but to look only into their eyes, which is a doorway to what the mind thinks, the heart feels and the body experiences. Gelman – Page 6 Bibliography Hart’s War. Dir. Gregory Hoblit. With Bruce Willis, Colin Farrell, Terrence Dashon Howard, Vicellous Reon Shannon, Cole Hauser, Rory Cochrane and Marcel Iures. MGM, 2001. McAlister, Linda Lopez. â€Å"‘The Joy Luck Club’ A Film Review.† The Women’s Show. WMNF-FM (88.5). Tampa, FL. 02 Oct. 1993. RARA Foundation. â€Å"Minority Role Models.† n.d: n.pag. On-line. Internet. 21 Feb. 2002 Available WWW: HYPERLINK "http://www.minrm.com/index.html" http://www.minrm.com/index.html The Heartland Institute: School Reform News. â€Å"Minority Academic Progress Falters.† Jan. 1997: n.pag. On-line. Internet. 21 Feb. 2002 Available WWW: http://www.heartland.org/education/jan97/minority.html Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. Maine: Thorndike, 1989

censorship sucks @*$ Essay examples -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The word censorship dates back to the sixth century B.C. in the Roman Empire. Roman officials titled censors would assess citizen’s property, and they would proclaim its value. The wealthier a citizen was the more rights that citizen received. Censorship is defined presently as the suppression of all or part of a publication, play, or film considered offensive or a treat. Unfortunately due to current political and social circumstances, or just very wealthy right winged conservatives; the oppression of censorship has been stretched over the very head of the first amendment like the lower lip of a man stretched over his head. Countless times in our society we find cases of over censoring, causing many to question whether or not censorship has a rightful place anymore?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The New York Times there was an article printed about a censorship issue at New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts. In October of 2003 a film student named Paula Carmicino was told to stop production on four-minute documentary of the â€Å"portrayal of the contrast between unbridled human lust and banal everyday behavior.† They administration felt that her film was inappropriate, even for a university. The film required two actors to have sex on camera in front of the class. Her professor approved, but the administration of the Tisch School saw it as not acceptable. The matter caused a very tempestuous situation on campus.   Ã‚  Ã‚   ...

The purpose of this (SBA) School based Assessment

AimWhat are the factors responsible for land pollution in the community of East Dry River Port of Spain, Trinidad?Method of Data CollectionHow was the data collected?Attempts were made to walk around the street with bags in search of rubbish within #50 Argyle Street East Dry River, Port of Spain. Where no rubbish were found after a few numbers of visits, no further attempt was made to go back in search of more.Where was data collected?The study area was at #50 Argyle Street East Dry River, Port of Spain, which is shown in the location map, Map #2. Activities were conducted and plenty of rubbish was collected and stored in plastic bags.When was data collected?Rubbish activities were completed on (Monday 15th of October to Tuesday 21st of November) between (10.00 am to 3.00pm).PRESENTATION OF STUDYAccording to the Caribbean Environment for CXC Geography, Pollution is a substance which causes an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological environment. Although there are s ome natural pollutants such as volcanoes, pollution generally occurs because of human activity. Pollution occurs in three ways:Land Water Air.Pollution may affect: the atmosphere. This is Air Pollution, rivers, seas, lakes and groundwater. This is Water Pollution, rocks and the soil.This is Land Pollution.No part of the world is free from air pollution. In the Arctic and Antarctic, the air appears clear; but traces of industrial chemicals can be found in the atmosphere and in falling snow. In most of the Caribbean, the air also appears clean. The trade winds blow from the east, across several thousand kilometers at Open Ocean. However, both worldwide and locally generated air pollution affects the region.Production of excess carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases is a form of air pollution, which has worldwide effects I have also found that pollution is a substance which causes an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological environment. Although there are some natural po llutants such as volcanoes, pollution generally occurs because of human activity, and in that 35% of bottles, 40% of rappers and 25% of paper were found.A divided circle diagram showing the percentage of rubbish that was collected during rubbish activities. Of the 100 % of rubbish that was collected 35% was Bottles, 40% was Rappers and 25% was PaperTally Sheet Showing the Number of Rubbish That Were Collected During the Activities Bottles 35% Rappers 40% Papers 25%Bar Graph Showing The Number of Rubbish That were Collected During the Activities

Kite Runner Essay

In The Kite Runner, there are many examples of cruelty towards every the suits or their speed as a whole. Two examples of cruelty include when the Afghanistan soldiers scatter on Hassan, and one of them states that he has had c every last(predicate) down with Hassans mother, and the other example is ameer vista up Hassan for stealing, in order to aro usance rid of him. In the eldest example, the soldiers put forward to Hassan as You The Hazara The lack of a noun here, i. e.Hassans name, demonstrates that Hazaras are treated as minute class citizens, and arent deserving of organism called by name. This has the effect of making Hassan await to be an outcast, and it makes the subscriber feel liberality for him, at creation treated so harshly. The use of the fetch upually suggestive good deal gesture by the soldier, when hes making fun of Hassan because he had sex with his mother, again underpins up the idea of Hazaras being consequence class citizens.The allegory wha t a tight little sweetened cunt she had is used in a derogatory sense to further mark the contempt which Hazaras had to endure back in 1970 Afghanistan. This achieves the effect of making the reader feel indignant at how Hassan is being treated, and that it is completely unjustified and is basically an advanced(a) form of bullying. When the soldiers address Hassan, one of them says ascertain at me when Im talk to you . This is an imperative designate, as the soldier is ordination Hassan to look at him, instead of requesting that he does so.The soldier is being demanding due to the particular that he believes his race is the superior race in comparison to the Hazaras, and that Hazaras al trends live with to obey orders given to them, without question. In the second example of cruelty, Amir wonders to himself how and when Id become capable of causing this lineament of aggravator As this is told via a first person perspective, it really helps the reader to render what Amir is feeling, which emphasises the sense of cruelty, as the character who has committed the cruelty himself realises what he has done.Also, as he is speaking the past tense, with the use of the word When, it suggests that he wants to know what changed him to be so cruel. The use of the simple fate That was when I understood the depth of the pain I had caused, is a great way of displaying the cruelty which Amir has marchn in riding horse Hassan up for stealing his watch and money, and the sentence after it not even Alis paralysed face could mask his sorrow ,also helps to show this.These cardinal simple sentences suggest that Amir realises that there is no justifying what he has done, that all he feels is relentless guilt, and that there is no other way of evaluating his decision. In conclusion, these two examples are strong demonstrations of the cruelty displayed in the Kite Runner, as they cover racism, which is shown in the first example, and in the second example, the words use d e. g. depth of the pain I had caused clearly display Amirs feelings of cruelty at what he himself has done.